Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the patients in the validation cohort: continuous variables are represented as median, (interquartile range, IQR); categorical variables were represented as (%, n).
| Sepsis patients (n = 74) | Surg controls (n = 21) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Age [years, median (IQR)] | 70.50 (20) | 70.00 (12) | n.s. |
| Male [% (n)] | 58.10 (43) | 61.90 (13) | n.s. | |
| Comorbidities, % (n) | High Blood Pressure | 45.94 (34) | 61.90 (13) | n.s. |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 9.46 (7) | 9.52 (2) | n.s. | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 5.41 (4) | 4.76 (1) | n.s. | |
| Chronic renal failure | 8.11 (6) | 9.52 (2) | n.s. | |
| Chronic hepatic failure | 2.70 (2) | 0 (0) | n.s. | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14.86 (11) | 19.04 (4) | n.s. | |
| Cancer | 18.91 (14) | 42.86 (9) | 0.024 | |
| Immunosuppression | 9.46 (7) | 4.76 (1) | n.s. | |
| Surgery type, % (n) | Urgent surgery | 79.73 (59) | 9.52 (2) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal | 47.30 (35) | 23.81 (5) | n.s. | |
| Vascular | 2.70 (2) | 9.52 (2) | n.s. | |
| Urological/Renal | 1.35 (1) | 14.29 (3) | 0.009 | |
| Other | 4.05 (3) | 0 (0) | n.s. | |
| Time course and outcome | Length of hospital stay [days, median (IQR)] | 16 (17) | 10 (10) | 0.048 |
| Length of ICU stay [days,median (IQR)] | 3 (5) | 2 (2) | 0.050 | |
| SIRS, % (n) | 100 (74) | 23.81 (5) | 0.003 | |
| Septic Shock, % (n) | 48.64 (36) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | |
| Hospital mortality, % (n) | 12.16 (9) | 0 (0) | n.s. | |
| Respiratory tract, % (n) | 14.86 (11) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Abdomen, % (n) | 40.54 (30) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Urinary tract, % (n) | 5.41 (4) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Surgical site, % (n) | 25.68 (19) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Bacteremia, % (n) | 14.86 (11) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Other, % (n) | 10.81 (8) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Microbiology, % (n) | Positive culture | 45.94 (34) | n.a. | n.a. |
| Gram+ | 18.92 (14) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Gram− | 32.43 (24) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Fungi | 1.35 (1) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Virus | 0 (0) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Polymicrobial | 18.92 (14) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Measurements at diagnosis, [median (IQR)] | SOFA score | 6 (7) | 2.50 (5) | n.s. |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.82 (1.06) | 0.83 (0.59) | n.s. | |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 160 (73) | 162 (39) | n.s. | |
| Platelet count (cell/mm3) | 135000 (191500) | 209000 (146000) | n.s. | |
| INR | 1.22 (0.33) | 1.11 (1.20) | 0.023 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 216.84 (179.83) | 103.34 (98.85) | <0.001 | |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 2.70 (9.35) | 0.29 (0.71) | <0.001 | |
| White Blood cells (cells/mm3) | 14960 (10600) | 11280 (8075) | n.s. | |
| Neutrophils (cells/mm3) | 13358.50 (11962.50) | 10341.00 (9362) | n.s. |
ICU: intensive care unit; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Score; CRP, C reactive protein; INR, international normalized ratio; n.s: not significant; n.a: not applicable.