Table 3.
Main results on personality
| First author Year | Methodology (n) | Main results |
|---|---|---|
| Bertrand JA [57] 2014 | Personality: NEO-FFI; | In general: scores within normal limits |
| Self-esteem: RSES | 27% : higher N and lower A and Self-esteem | |
| DM1 (200) | Differences between Mild (n = 48) and Adult onset (n = 152) | |
| Peric Sb [33] 2014 | Psychopathology: MCMI-IIOther: clinical interview | At least one personality disorder: MCMI-II: 75.80%; clinical interview: 58.10% |
| DM1 (66) | 51.60% : dependent personality | |
| 16.10% : paranoid personality | ||
| 22.60% : both dependent and paranoid | ||
| 32.20% : one or the other | ||
| Laberge L [56] 2013 | Psychopathology: SCL-90-R; | Lower N: lower physical health function, psychological distress, and |
| Personality: NEO-FFI; | higher fatigue, severe muscular impairment | |
| Fatigue: DSS; FSS; | Lower mental health function: lower C, N and daytime sleepiness | |
| Quality of life: SF-36; LIFE-H | ||
| DM1 (200) | ||
| Sistiaga A [45] 2010 | Personality: MCMI-II DM1 (119), Healthy (54) | Narcissistic, antisocial, aggressive/sadistic, paranoid, psychotic thought, sincerity traits |
| Only aggressive/sadistic and paranoid traits are significantly higher in DM1 than controls | ||
| Winblad S [51] 2006 |
Personality: TCI; Other: Facial emotion recognition tasks DM1 (50), Healthy (41) |
DM1: difficulties in recognizing expressions signaling negative emotion (anger, surprise, fear, and disgust) Facial emotion recognition ability correlated with the sociability dimensions of the TCI (cooperativeness and dependence) |
| Winblad S [50] 2005 | Personality: TCI; | Signs of a personality disorder: DM1 : 20%; Other muscle disorders: |
| DM1 (42), Other muscle disorders (37), Healthy (31) | 5.60%; Healthy: 3.40% | |
| Meola G [41] 2003 | Personality: SCID-I&II | None fulfilled DSM-IV criteria |
| DM1 (21), DM2 (19), Healthy (20) | Avoidant behavioral trait: DM1 higher than DM2 who scored higher than Healthy | |
| Delaporte C [40] 1998 | Personality: IPDE | Homogeneous personality profiles |
| DM1 (15) | Avoidant personality disorder: 26.70% (n = 4) | |
| Obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and avoidant traits (anxious cluster) | ||
| Schizoid, schizotypal, and paranoid traits (odd cluster) | ||
| Fowler WM [48] 1997 | Personality: CPI; | NMD: lower scores on sociability, sense of well-being, socialization, |
| Psychopathology: MMPI | self-control, tolerance, good impression, achievement, intellectual | |
| NMD (154 including 42 DM1) | efficiency, psychological mindedness, flexibility | |
| Bungener C [8] 1996 | Personality: IPDE | Avoidant personality disorder: 26.70% (n = 4) |
| DM1 (15) | Obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, avoidant, schizotypal, and paranoid traits (anxious and odd clusters) | |
| Palmer BW [22] 1994 | Personality: MCMI-II | Signs of dependency and submissiveness: 62% |
| DM1 (21) |
Note: For more clarity, we did not develop all results. C = Conscientiousness NEO-FFI scale; CPI = California Psychological Inventory; DM1 = Myotonic Dystrophy type 1; DM2 = Myotonic Dystrophy type 2; DSM III-R = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III-Revised edition; DSS = Daytime Sleepiness Scale; EHD = Echelle d’Humeur Dépressive; FSHD = Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy; FSS = Fatigue Severity Scale; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IPDE = International Personality Disorder Examination (// DSM III); LIFE-H = ; Assessment of Life Habits; MADRS = Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MCMI-II = Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory; MMPI = Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; N = Neuroticism NEO-FFI scale; NEO-FFI NEO-Five Factor Inventory; NMD = Neuromuscular diseases; RSES = Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SCID-I&II = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders I & II (DSM-IV-TR); SCL-90 = Symptom Checklist-90-R; SDS = Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; SF-36 = 36-item Short Form Health Survey; TCI = Temperament and Character Inventory.