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Schematics (not to scale) of competitive displacement in microfluidic channels. (A) Here, dopamine (DA) was first functionalized uniformly across substrates. Microfluidic devices were then sealed on the substrates and a different concentration of dopamine in solution was co-incubated with a constant concentration of dopamine aptamer in each channel. (B) Free dopamine vs. surface-tethered dopamine competed for aptamer binding.
