Table 1.

Regulation of type I and type II IFN receptors during virus infections.

		Viruses	Impact on IFN receptors	Viral protein(s)	Molecular Mechanisms	References
		Hepattis C virus (HCV)	1) Reduces mRNA expression of IFNAR1	1) ND	1) Infection induces aberrant expression of host microRNAs	1) Jarret et al., Nat Med, 2016
			2) Accelerates erdccytoss and degradation cf IFNAR1	2) ND	2) ER-stress response mediates phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IFNAR1	2) Liu et al., Cell host Microbe, 2009.
		Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)	Accelerates endocytosis and degradation of IFNAR1	ND	ER-stress response mediates phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IFNAR1	Liu et al., Cell host Microbe, 2009.
	RNA viruses	Flaviviruses:West nile virus (WNV) and Tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV)	1)WNV downregulates IFNAR1 at protein level	1) WNV Nonstructural proteins	1) Non-canonical pathway: dependent on lysosomal and proteasome degradation pathway but independent of IFNAR1 phosphorylation	1) Evans et al., Viral Immunol,2011
			2) WNV and TBEV inhibits maturation (glycosylation) of IFNAR1	2) NS5 of WNV and TBEV associates with cellular prolidase to inhibit IFNAR1 maturation	2) NS5 of WNV and TBEV	2) Lubck et al., Cell host Mcrcte. 2015
		Enterovirus 71 (EV71)	Downregulation of IFNAR1	Protease 2A	ND	Lu et al., J Virol. 2012
		Influenza A virus (IAV)	Induces degradation of IFNAR1	HA	HA induces phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IFNAR1 via CK1α	Xia et al., J Virol. 2015; Xia et al., J Virol. 2018
IFNAR1
		Human metapneumovirus (hMPV)	Reduces surface expression but not total level cf IFNAR1	ND	ND	Ren et al., PloS One, 2011
		Herpes simplex virus (HSV)	1) Accelerates endocytosis and degradation cf IFNAR1	ND	1) PERK-indeperdent pathway; Possible involvement cf TLR signaling	1) Qian et al., PloS Pathogen. 2011
			2) Reduces the level of IFNAR1		2) ND	2) Chee et al., J Virol, 2004
		Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68)	Induces degradation of IFNAR1	ORF54 (dUTPase)	ND	Leang et al., PloS Pathogen. 2011
	DNA viruses	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)	Reduces the level of intracellular pool of IFNAR1 without affecting surface level	LMP2A and LMP2B	ND	Shah et al., Oncogene. 2009
		Hepatitis B virus (HBV)	1) Reduces RNA expression of IFNAR1	Protein X	1) ND	Cho et al., Int J Mol Med, 2012
			2) Dmmshes IFNAR1 surface expression	(HBx)	2) HBx reduces expression of TYK2
		Pseudorabies virus (PRV)	Accelerates lyscscmal degradatici cf IFNAR1	UL50 (dUTPase)	ND	Zhang et al., J Virol. 2017
	RNA viruses	Hepattis C virus (HCV)	Expression of IFNGR1 is mppaired	ND	ND	Chancra et al., PLoS Cne. 2014
		Influenza A virus (IAV)	Induces degradation of IFNGR1	HA	HA induces phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IFNGR1 via CK1α	Xia et al ., J Virol, 2018
IFNGR1	DNA viruses	Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvrus (KSHV)	Reduces surface expression of IFNGR1	K3 and K5	K3 and K5 induces ubiquitination and endocytosis of IFNGR1	Li et al., J Virol,
		Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)	Reduces the level of intracellular pool of IFNGR1 without	LMP2A and LMP2B	ND	Shah et al., Oncogene, 2009

ND: Not determined.