Table 1. Participant characteristics (N = 377).
| Characteristic | n(%) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, range | 79.8 ± 3.7, 75–95 |
| Sex, % of men | 261 (69.2) |
| Marital status | |
| Married or cohabiting | 244 (64.8) |
| Single | 36 (9.5) |
| Divorced | 11 (2.9) |
| Living apart together | 3 (0.8) |
| Widowed | 83 (22.0) |
| Education | |
| None | 30 (8.0) |
| Primary | 34 (9.0) |
| Secondary | 160 (42.4) |
| Polytechnics and higher vocational training | 113 (30.0) |
| University | 40 (10.6) |
| Incomea | |
| €999 - or less | 7 (2.1) |
| €1,000–€1,499 | 44 (13.2) |
| €1,500-€1,999 | 54 (16.1) |
| €2,000–€2,499 | 90 (27.0) |
| €2,500–€2,999,- | 54 (16.1) |
| €3,000–€3,499,- | 38 (11.4) |
| €3,500–€3,999,- | 25 (7.5) |
| €4,000–€4,499,- | 11 (3.3) |
| €5,000 or more | 11 (3.3) |
| Multimorbidity, % yes | 166 (44.0) |
| GARS | |
| Total disability | 95 (25.2) |
| ADL disability, mean ± SD, range | 13.6 ± 3.8,11–33 |
| Dress yourself | 55 (14.6) |
| Get in and out of bed | 31 (8.2) |
| Stand up from sitting in a chair | 53 (14.1) |
| Wash your face and hands | 6 (1.6) |
| Wash and dry your whole body | 57 (15.1) |
| Get on and off the toilet | 12 (3.2) |
| Feed yourself | 4 (1.1) |
| Get around in the house (if necessary, with a cane) | 18 (4.8) |
| Go up and down the stairs | 134 (35.5) |
| Walk outdoors (if necessary, with a cane) | 75 (19.9) |
| Take care of your feet and toenails | 183 (48.5) |
| IADL disability, mean ± SD, range | 11.2 ± 4.5, 7–28 |
| Prepare breakfast or lunch | 14 (3.7) |
| Prepare dinner | 88 (23.3) |
| Do “light” household activities | 69 (18.3) |
| Do “heavy” household activities | 212 (56.2) |
| Wash and iron your clothes | 169 (44.8) |
| Make the beds | 185 (49.1) |
| Do the shopping | 86 (22.8) |
| SF-12 | |
| Physical dimension of quality of life, mean ± SD, range | 66.9 ± 25.6, 0–100 |
| Mental dimension of quality of life, mean ± SD, range | 74.5 ± 18.7, 10–100 |
Notes.
a
43 missing values (11.4%).
- SD
- Standard deviation
- GARS
- Groningen Activity Restriction Scale
- ADL
- Activities of Daily Living
- IADL
- Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
- SF-12
- Short-Form Health Survey - 12