Table 2.

Examples of published clinical trials using human stromal stem cell therapy in non-skeletal disorders.

System		Indication	Sample size	Cell type	Study design	Delivery route	Outcome	Ref
Non-Skeletal	Cardiovascular	Acute myocardial infarction	34\35	Allogenic MSCs	Placebo controlled clinical trial	Intracoronary	Increased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end diastolic volume, improve contractility and enhanced infarct viability	76
		Acute myocardial infarction	53	Allogenic MSCs (Prochymal)	Double-blind, placebo-controlled	Intravenous	Significant improvement of ejection fraction in hMSC-treated group	77
	Nephrology	Acute kidney injury (post-operative)	15	Autologous MSCs	Phase 1 Trial	Intraarterial	Renal function was well preserved postoperatively, and none of the patients required hemodialysis.	87
	Gastro-intestinal	Perianal fistulas (Crohn disease)	24\25	Allogenic adiposetissue MSCs	Phase II Randomized controlled trial	Intravenous	AD-MSC induced higher rates of healing when used together with fibrin glue compared to fibrin glue alone	91
	Neurology	Multiple system atrophy	11\18	Autologous MSCs	case-control study	Intra-arterial × 1 Intravenous ×3	Delayed the progression of neurological deficits with achievement of functional improvement	82
		Stroke	16\36	Autologous MSC	Randomised, Placebo controlled	Intravenous	Improve recovery after stroke, improvements in the Barthel index and modified Rankin score	81
Multiple systems		Steroid-resistant, severe, acute GvHD	55	Autologous MSCs	phase II study	Intravenous	Better survival in patients with complete response (54.5%)	68
		Acute GvHD	32	Allogenic MSCs	Randomized clinical trial	Intravenous	77% of patients fully responded, 17% partially responded	69
		Lupus nephritis	16	Allogeneic umbilical cord MSCs	Phase I clinical trial	Intravenous	Improved Systemic activity Index and renal function	95

Abbreviations: GvHD, Graft versus host disease. MSC’s, Mesenchymal Stem Cells. SLE, Systemic lupus erythromatosis