Table 3.
Cross-sectional association between vasomotor symptoms and odds of depressed mood at baseline
| Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) | n | Case (%)a |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Model 1b OR (95% CI) |
Model 2c OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency of VMS in the past 12 months (ALSWH) | 10242 | 27.4 | |||
| Never | 4135 | 21.2 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rarely | 1696 | 25.4 | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 1.24 (1.08–1.41) | 1.22 (1.07–1.40) |
| Sometimes | 2758 | 31.6 | 1.71 (1.53–1.91) | 1.64 (1.46–1.83) | 1.61 (1.43–1.80) |
| Often | 1653 | 37.9 | 2.27 (2.00–2.57) | 2.17 (1.90–2.47) | 2.08 (1.83–2.38) |
| Severity of VMS in the past 12 months (NSHD, NCDS) | 5022 | 40.2 | |||
| Never | 1640 | 32.0 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Mild | 568 | 28.0 | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.85 (0.68–1.05) | 0.84 (0.68–1.03) |
| Moderate | 1787 | 43.0 | 1.60 (1.39–1.85) | 1.62 (1.40–1.87) | 1.59 (1.38–1.84) |
| Severe | 1027 | 55.5 | 2.65 (2.26–3.12) | 2.65 (2.24–3.14) | 2.54 (2.14–3.02) |
| Frequency of VMS in the past 2 weeks (SWAN) | 2336 | 13.9 | |||
| Never | 1109 | 9.7 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rarely | 740 | 12.6 | 1.33 (0.99–1.79) | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) | 1.25 (0.92–1.69) |
| Sometimes | 193 | 24.4 | 2.98 (2.03–4.38) | 2.95 (2.01–4.35) | 2.62 (1.76–3.89) |
| Often | 294 | 26.2 | 3.29 (2.37–4.56) | 3.38 (2.40–4.74) | 3.11 (2.18–4.43) |
| Severity of VMS in the past 2 weeks (SMWHS, HOW, JMWHS, WHITEHALL) | 3712 | 9.9 | |||
| Never | 2068 | 4.2 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Mild | 919 | 10.8 | 3.01 (2.21–4.09) | 3.11 (2.28–4.25) | 3.01 (2.20–4.11) |
| Moderate | 420 | 21.4 | 6.69 (4.85–9.23) | 7.06 (5.06–9.83) | 6.89 (4.93–9.64) |
| Severe | 305 | 29.8 | 10.1 (7.26–14.1) | 10.5 (7.43–14.7) | 9.79 (6.90–13.9) |
| Overall sample: VMS | 21312 | 25.9 | |||
| Never | 8952 | 17.8 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rarely/mild | 3923 | 19.9 | 1.25 (1.13–1.38) | 1.25 (1.13–1.38) | 1.23 (1.11–1.35) |
| Sometimes/moderate | 5158 | 34.4 | 1.90 (1.75–2.06) | 1.87 (1.72–2.03) | 1.82 (1.67–1.98) |
| Often/severe | 3279 | 41.6 | 2.78 (2.54–3.05) | 2.71 (2.47–2.98) | 2.59 (2.35–2.85) |
Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Study level variability was adjusted by including study indicator as a covariate in the crude and multivariable model.
a
Depressed mood was defined by “often or sometimes” having depressed mood or having “severe or moderate” depressed mood.
b
Model 1 was adjusted for menopausal status and concurrent use of menopausal hormone therapy.
c
Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus following socio-demographic and lifestyle factors: race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and BMI. Data for SWAN were additionally adjusted for study site.