Fig. 5.

In female rats (n = 16) responding on a PR schedule of reinforcement, IG Ensure infusion (9.3 kcal) significantly reduced (A) active lever presses, (B) breakpoint, and (C) number of reinforcers earned during both diestrus and estrus phases of the ovarian cycle. D: IG Ensure significantly suppressed overnight chow intake only following the PR test sessions conducted during estrus. Data are means ± SE. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA (IG nutrient × cycle stage), and Holm-Bonferroni tests were conducted as planned comparisons. *P < 0.05 relative to saline.