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. 2018 Aug 6;9:865. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00865

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Copyright © 2018 Diezmos, Markus, Perera, Gan, Zhang, Sandow, Bertrand and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histology of human colonic mucosa in the cytokine-induced colitis model. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) was used to observe the histology of sections of human colonic mucosa (n = 9). Left column: 10×. Right column: 20×. (A,B) Incubation-control mucosa images showed intact crypt structure. (C,D) Incubation with cytokines, TNFα, and IL-1β (each 10 ng/mL), for 16 h caused mucosal destruction. (E,F) Co-incubation of the Panx1 channel blocker ¹⁰Panx1 (100 μM) reduced the amount of mucosal damage induced by cytokines. (G,H) Co-incubation of the P2X7R antagonist A438079 (100 μM) prevented cytokine induced mucosal damage. (I,J) The presence of both ¹⁰Panx1 and A438079 (both 100 μM) reduced some of the cytokine induced damage. Scale bars represent 100 μm. All images were taken from the colonic mucosa of a 50-year-old female patient.