Table 3.
Blood biomarkers of CS exposure-related lung injury in antibiotic-treated pneumonia
| Ligand | Air (n = 8) | Smoke (n = 9–10) | Ratio* (S/A) | P† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMP-9 | 13,008 | 49,834 | 3.8 | 0.0085 |
| MIP-1α | 73.2 | 138.2 | 1.9 | 0.03 |
| VEGF | 1.6 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 0.007 |
| SP-D | 68,692 | 12,6446 | 1.8 | 0.04 |
| GM-CSF | 5.5 | 8.5 | 1.5 | 0.12 |
| CXCL9 | 130.4 | 200.3 | 1.5 | 0.045 |
| Ang-2 | 22,314 | 34,147 | 1.5 | 0.0003 |
| IL-17 | 7.8 | 10.5 | 1.4 | 0.02 |
| MMP-8 | 309,065 | 445,069 | 1.4 | 0.009 |
| FGF-2 | 124 | 159.7 | 1.3 | 0.006 |
| IL-6 | 31.2 | 41.6 | 1.3 | 0.20 |
| IFNγ | 19.4 | 23.2 | 1.2 | 0.50 |
| IL-1β | 94.7 | 105.3 | 1.1 | 0.15 |
| IL-2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 1.1 | 0.47 |
| MCP-3 | 1,209 | 1,299 | 1.1 | 0.76 |
| IL-5 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 1.0 | >0.99 |
| ICAM-1 | 54,245 | 54,956 | 1.0 | 0.68 |
| CXCL12 | 13,254 | 12,845 | 1.0 | 0.67 |
| IL-12 | 28.2 | 24.3 | 0.9 | 0.09 |
| MCP-1 | 72.7 | 63.7 | 0.9 | 0.85 |
| TNFR1 | 1,394 | 1,259 | 0.9 | 0.46 |
| TNFα | 13.1 | 10.8 | 0.8 | 0.85 |
| CXCL10 | 306.7 | 238.5 | 0.8 | 0.57 |
| KC | 1,328 | 732.2 | 0.6 | 0.24 |
| IL-10 | Too low to measure | |||
| IL-13 | Too low to measure | |||
| IL-4 | Too low to measure | |||
Median serum values at 48 h postinfection are expressed in pg/ml. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; SP-D, surfactant protein D; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Ang-2, angiopoietin-2; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IFN, interferon; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TNFR, TNF receptor.
*
Ratio of CS exposed to air exposed, bolded values significant by P < 0.05;
†
uncorrected P value.