Table 3.

Mean of the relative abundance of dominant phyla and families in stool samples obtained at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up in healthy and CMA infants.

Dominant taxa*	Baseline				Six months
	Infants with CMA (n = 60) Median (IQR)	Control (n = 60) Median (IQR)	p value	FDRp	Infants with CMA (n = 60) Median (IQR)	Control (n = 60) Median (IQR)	p value	FDRp
Actinobacteria	6.0 (0.3–22.2)	4.7 (1.2–12.8)	0.69	0.85	0.5 (0.0–1.7)	8.3 (3.6–14.6)	0.04	0.05
Bifidobacteriaceae	6.0 (0.0–22.1)	4.6 (1.0–12.3)	0.79	0.94	0.3 (0.0–1.6)	8.2 (3.6–14.5)	0.03	0.04
Bacteroidetes	2.1 (0.3–21.8)	31.3 (0.4–61.3)	0.02	0.05	38.1 (12.4–52.6)	47.8 (40.0–61.3)	0.09	0.25
Bacteroidaceae	0.4 (0.1–7.5)	28.4 (0.1–57.8)	0.01	0.04	33.2 (10.5–47.0)	37.6 (29.5–55.8)	0.09	0.25
Firmicutes	21.7 (13.3–36.4)	23.9 (7.9–50.1)	0.56	0.95	33.4 (25.6–57.1)	34.2 (26.1–43.6)	0.58	0.67
Lactobacillaceae	0.1 (0.0–2.1)	0.2 (0.3–3.8)	0.58	0.69	6.3 (0.6–11.2)	0.5 (0.1–4.8)	0.04	0.04
Veillonellaceae	3.0 (0.7–13.9)	5.1 (0.9–17.7)	0.51	0.80	6.7 (0.7–15.3)	3.9 (1.5–9.2)	0.51	0.55
Lachnospiraceae	1.2 (0.1–3.0)	1.4 (0.1–7.5)	0.44	0.69	6.9 (0.5–19.0)	9.3 (3.9–20.5)	0.33	0.57
Ruminococcaceae	0.1 (0.0–2.6)	0.1 (0.0–2.2)	0.87	0.87	1.5 (1.2–7.6)	10.5 (2.4–13.9)	0.03	0.03
Proteobacteria	46.0 (27.0–78.9)	18.1 (8.7–37.0)	0.006	0.01	7.9 (3.0–20.1)	5.7 (2.5–8.6)	0.21	0.33
Alcaligenaceae	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.86	0.96	0.1 (0.0–2.3)	1.6 (0.0–2.9)	0.27	0.37
Enterobacteriaceae	46.0 (27.0–78.1)	17.1 (6.6–35.9)	0.004	0.01	6.9 (2.3–7.6)	3.7 (0.3–5.2)	0.09	0.22
E/B Ratio	115.8 (10.3–299.0)	0.8 (0.2–154.4)	0.0002	0.003	0.22 (0.07–16.69)	0.10 (0.01–0.19)	0.06	0.11

CMA, Cow’s milk allergy; IQR, Interquartile range; E/B, Enterobacteriacea/Bacteroidaceae; FDR, false discovery rate.

^*Dominant taxa have overall median relative abundance >1% at baseline and/or 6 months; phyla are in plain text and families are italicized. Comparisons by nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with FDR correction for multiple testing.