Table 1. Postoperative feeding tube use, by demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Variable	Subgroup	Patient n (total cohort: n=343)	Feeding tube use (n=139, 41%), n [%]	P value
Gender	Male	196	86 [44]	NS
	Female	147	53 [36]
Age (years)	24–59	120	48 [40]	NS
	60–69	94	33 [35]
	70–98	129	58 [45]
Diagnosis group	Esophagus	23	12 [52]	0.06
	Stomach	114	54 [47]
	Duodenum	22	5 [23]
	Pancreas/periampullary	184	68 [37]
Cancer diagnosis	Cancer	306	126 [41]	NS
	No cancer	37	13 [35]
Cancer stage group	Locoregional (0–III)	255	93 [36]	0.0007
	Metastatic (IV)	51	33 [65]
	No cancer	37	13 [35]
Treatment intent	Curative	304	114 [38]	0.0014
	Noncurative	39	25 [64]
Procedure	Esophagectomy	19	9 [47]	NS
	Gastrectomy	109	50 [46]
	Pancreatoduodenectomy	189	65 [34]
	Other resection/bypass	26	15 [58]
Treatment interval	Early third	89	89 [100]	<0.0001
	Mid third	138	23 [17]
	Late third	116	27 [23]
Postoperative morbidity	None	204	66 [32]	<0.0001
	Minor	70	23 [33]
	Major	69	50 [72]
Length of staya	<14 days	247	69 [28]	<0.0001
	14 days or longer	77	60 [78]

^a, inpatient lethal events are excluded. NS, not significant.