Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| TRS | NTRS | HCs | P values | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 17) | (n = 17) | (n = 29) | |||
| Age (year) | 31.24 ± 9.40 | 36.82 ± 9.12 | 32.73 ± 7.61 | 0.119 | |
| Sex(male/female) | 10/7 | 9/8 | 16/13 | 0.378 | |
| Nation(Han/others) | 17/0 | 17/0 | 29/0 | – | |
| handedness(right/left) | 17/0 | 17/0 | 29/0 | – | |
| Education | 12.24 ± 2.93 | 13.76 ± 3.58 | 14.28 ± 3.10 | 0.568 | |
| (year) | |||||
| Onset (year) | 17.24 ± 2.19 | 29.18 ± 8.95 | – | 0.001 | |
| Duration(year) | 14.00 ± 8.75 | 7.88 ± 4.72 | – | < 0.001 | |
| PANSS | Total | 97.76 ± 11.10 | 37.29 ± 6.84 | – | < 0.001 |
| Positive | 27.53 ± 5.95 | 9.53 ± 3.14 | – | < 0.001 | |
| Negative | 21.05 ± 3.91 | 8.41 ± 1.91 | – | < 0.001 | |
| General | 49.12 ± 5.54 | 19.24 ± 2.63 | – | < 0.001 | |
| CED (mg/day) | 696.47 ± 208.92 | 436.76 ± 237.85 | – | 0.002 |
TRS: treatment-resistant schizophrenia, NTRS: non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia, HCs: healthy controls, CED: chlorpromazine equivalent dose, PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.