Table 1.
List of neuronal mediators affecting epithelial barrier function
| Neuronal Mediator | Effect on Barrier Function | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| VIP | Preserve mucosal integrity | α2-Adrenoreceptors, 5-HT receptor, IL-1β, somatostatin receptors, TJ proteins, ERK1/2, p38MAP kinase, EPSP | 30, 34, 39, 74, 76, 78, 81, 99, 100 |
| Potentiate secretion | |||
| Decrease intestinal permeability | |||
| IL-8 production | |||
| Promote epithelial cell proliferation | |||
| ACh | Potentiate secretion | CRF-R2 | 43, 76, 83 |
| Increase epithelial permeability | |||
| ? | Promote epithelial cell proliferation | ? | 68 |
| NPY | Increase epithelial permeability | PI3K, TJ proteins | 15, 16 |
| ? | Increase epithelial permeability | Slow synaptic transmission | 53 |
VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide; Ach, acetylcholine, NPY, neuropeptide Y; 5-HT, serotonin; TJ, tight junction; EPSP, excitatory postsynaptic potentials; CRF-R2, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 2; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; ?, unknown.