FIG 5.

Disruption of carB results in ATP accumulation and reduced persister formation in diverse bacteria. (A) Intracellular ATP concentrations were determined for wild-type and carB mutants of E. coli MG1655 and S. aureus HG003. (B) E. coli was grown to the stationary phase in LB medium and then treated with antibiotics at 10× the MIC. Survival was determined following 20 h of incubation. (C) S. aureus was grown to the late exponential phase in TSB medium and then treated with 1 μg/ml ofloxacin for 24 h or grown to the late exponential phase in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) medium and then treated with 10 μg/ml gentamicin for 48 h. All experiments were performed twice in biological triplicate (n = 6); data represent means ± standard deviations. Significance was determined using a t test (A) or two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple-comparison test (B and C). *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001.