. 2018 Aug 6;6:217. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00217

Table 4.

Mediation effect of caregiver-child interaction on the association between family childcare types and child conduct problem behaviors.

Characteristics	Conduct problem behaviors (Dependent variable, Y)		Mediation Effect
	Model 2^†: X → Y	Model 3^†: X+M → Y	Relative indirect effect (95% CI)	Proportion of mediation, %
	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)
Y TAKEN AS A CATEGORICAL VARIABLE
Family childcare types (Independent Variable, X)
Parents together (Ref)	Ref	Ref
Mother alone (D₁)	2.53 (1.27–5.04)^**	2.36 (1.18, 4.72)^*	0.055 (0.014, 0.093)	8.9%
Mother with others (D₂)	2.55 (1.52–4.27)^***	2.52 (1.50, 4.22)^***	0.019 (−0.005, 0.039)	NA
Grandparents (D₃)	2.18 (1.01–4.71)^*	1.86 (0.85, 4.04)	0.133 (0.064, 0.192)	23.4%
Changing caregivers (D₄)	2.33 (1.47–3.69)^***	2.22 (1.40, 3.51)^**	0.053 (0.025, 0.077)	9.0%
Caregiver-child interaction (Mediator, M)		0.45 (0.34, 0.60)^***
Y TAKEN AS A CATEGORICAL VARIABLE:
Family childcare types (Independent Variable, X)
Parents together (Ref)	Ref	Ref
Mother alone (D₁)	0.059 (0.019, 0.099)^**	0.051 (0.011, 0.091)^*	0.008 (0.003, 0.014)	13.7%
Mother with others (D₂)	0.063 (0.037, 0.088)^***	0.060 (0.034, 0.085)^***	0.003 (−0.0002, 0.006)	NA
Grandparents (D₃)	0.043 (0.002, 0.085)^*	0.024 (−0.018, 0.065)	0.019 (0.013, 0.027)	44.9%
Changing caregivers (D₄)	0.073 (0.051, 0.094)^***	0.065 (0.044, 0.086)^***	0.008 (0.005, 0.011)	10.8%
Caregiver-child interaction (Mediator, M)		−0.116 (−0.136, −0.096)^***

^†

Model was adjusted for confounders including child age, gender, parental education level, parental age at pregnancy, marital status, and family income.

‡Relative indirect effect represented the indirect effect on Y via M of being in group Di relative to the reference group.

P < 0.05,

^**

P < 0.01,

^***

P < 0.001; Bold fonts denote statistical significance at 0.05 level. NA: The indirect effect was not statistically significant.