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. 2018 Aug 2;9:1027. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01027

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Copyright © 2018 Key and Brown.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Octopus brain circuitry underlying processing of noxious stimuli based on Young (1991). The circuitry as described in Figure 2 is schematized here to fit the parallel forward models algorithm. The circuitry can be compared with the human cortical circuitry presented in Figure 6. Noxious information is relayed in parallel to the brachial lobe (BL), lateral inferior frontal lobe (LIFL), medial inferior frontal lobe (MIFL), and the vertical lobe (VL). The VL feeds forward to the subvertical lobe (SVL). The MIFL feeds forward to the subfrontal lobe (SFL) and the LIFL. The SVL, SFL, and LIFL all feed forward to the posterior buccal lobe (PBL) which then feeds forward to the brachial lobe. The brachial lobe controls motor actions. The VL also receives input from the tactile and visual system.