Table 3. . Regression models of average maternal phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy with principal components of child imprinted gene differentially methylated region M-value methylation at delivery.
| Imprinted gene DMR | PC # | Significant exposure | β† | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEG3 | PC 1 | MEHP | -0.321 | (-0.602 to -0.039) | 0.03 |
| PC 1 | MEHHP | -0.544 | (-0.885 to -0.203) | 2E-03 | |
| PC 1 | MEOHP | -0.615 | (-0.944 to -0.286) | 3E-04* | |
| PC 1 | MECPP | -0.812 | (-1.211 to -0.412) | 9E-05* | |
| PC 1 | Σ DEHP | -0.719 | (-1.099 to -0.338) | 3E-04* | |
| PC 1 | MBzP | -0.448 | (-0.765 to -0.132) | 0.01 | |
| MEG3-IG | PC 2 | MCPP | 0.050 | (0.013–0.087) | 0.01 |
| PEG3 | PC 3 | MCOP | -0.051 | (-0.095 to -0.007) | 0.02 |
| PC 3 | MCNP | -0.055 | (-0.104 to -0.006) | 0.03 | |
Covariates in each regression model included batch, years in the USA, parity, prepregnancy BMI and child sex. Models included log10 transformed concentrations of creatinine-corrected phthalate metabolites.
†β for PCs are not interpretable; for direction of association, refer to mean methylation analysis
*Significant after FDR adjustment (all p < 0.04). p < 0.05 statistically significant.
BMI: Body mass index; DEHP: Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; DMR: Differentially methylated region; MBzP: Monobenzyl phthalate; MCNP: Monocarboxynonyl phthalate; MCOP: Monocarboxyoctyl phthalate; MCPP: Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate; MECPP: Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MEHHP: Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEHP: Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP: Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; PC: Principal component.