. 2018 Aug 13;9:53. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0271-z

Table 5.

Serum biochemical indices and cytokines levels. Data are presented as means (SD)^a

NPP, %	LPS	Ca, mmol/L	P, mmol/L	ALP, IU/L	ACTH, pg/mL	CORT, nmol/L	Insulin, μIU/mL	IFNγ, pg/mL	IL-1β, ng/mL	IL-6, pg/mL
0.12	–	6.32	1.70	494.42	22.80	21.75	86.56	433.83	0.27	193.33
0.12	+	4.30	0.95	736.08	31.42	82.35	62.09	417.76	0.53	481.61
0.40	–	6.07	1.71	642.22	24.24	15.41	71.10	500.70	0.23	304.63
0.40	+	4.25	0.90	414.12	24.98	67.86	62.91	509.46	0.81	563.11
SEM		0.29	0.11	101.34	1.41	7.15	4.02	18.14	0.10	54.28
Main effect means
NPP
0.12		5.31	1.33	615.25	27.11	52.05	74.33	425.80^c	0.39	321.45
0.40		5.16	1.30	528.17	24.61	41.63	67.00	505.08^b	0.52	433.87
LPS
–		6.20^b	1.71^b	568.32	23.52	18.58^c	78.83^b	467.27	0.24^c	248.98^c
+		4.28^c	0.92^c	575.10	28.20	75.10^b	62.50^c	463.61	0.67^b	526.89^b
P-value
NPP		0.715	0.858	0.686	0.348	0.099	0.329	0.033	0.468	0.311
LPS		<0.001	<0.001	0.975	0.089	<0.001	0.039	0.916	0.026	0.009
NPP × LPS		0.807	0.797	0.284	0.147	0.504	0.279	0.720	0.390	0.873

^aMeans were calculated on n = 5 replicates (one laying hens per replicate) per treatment

^b-cWithin comparisons, means in a column with no common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)