Fig. 2.

Examples from the steering, aiming, and tracking tasks. In the steering task (a), participants traced a spatial path (oriented in different ways) from the open to the closed black dot using the stylus, while staying within a moving box. In the aiming task (b), participants made movements to sequentially appearing targets (indicated here by the numbers, which were invisible to the participant) with a stylus. Open circles were not visible when moving between Dots 2 and 3. In the tracking task (c), participants followed a dot with the stylus. In the first trial, the dot followed the dashed path (invisible to participants). In the second trial, the guide track was visible. In each trial, the dot made three revolutions of the figure-eight pattern at each speed: fast, medium, and slow.