Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of cancer‐specific survival (CSS) for GBM patients
| Variables | Median CSS (month) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 11 | 9.723 | 0.002 | Reference | |
| Female | 10 | 0.964 (0.937, 0.992) | 0.011 | ||
| Age | |||||
| ≤49 | 19 | 2651.251 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| 50‐59 | 14 | 1.450 (1.384, 1.519) | <0.001 | ||
| 60‐69 | 11 | 1.814 (1.732, 1.899) | <0.001 | ||
| ≥70 | 5 | 2.689 (2.564, 2.821) | <0.001 | ||
| Race | |||||
| White | 11 | 42.535 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Black | 12 | 0.887 (0.834, 0.943) | <0.001 | ||
| Others | 13 | 0.870 (0.814, 0.929) | <0.001 | ||
| Registry sites | |||||
| Northeast | 13 | 75.410 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| South | 10 | 1.178 (1.115, 1.245) | <0.001 | ||
| North Central | 11 | 1.076 (1.011, 1.144) | 0.020 | ||
| West | 11 | 1.150 (1.103, 1.199) | <0.001 | ||
| Diagnosis year | |||||
| 2004‐2007 | 10 | 82.649 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| 2008‐2011 | 11 | 0.992 (0.946, 1.040) | 0.730 | ||
| 2012‐2015 | 12 | 0.948 (0.902, 0.995) | 0.032 | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 12 | 805.604 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Divorced/separated | 9 | 1.182 (1.127, 1.238) | <0.001 | ||
| Widowed | 5 | 1.198 (1.143, 1.256) | <0.001 | ||
| Single | 12 | 1.200 (1.151, 1.251) | <0.001 | ||
| At least a bachelors’ degree percentage | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 9 | 193.231 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Quartile 2 | 10 | 0.925 (0.882, 0.970) | 0.001 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 11 | 0.883 (0.844, 0.924) | <0.001 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 13 | 0.798 (0.750, 0.848) | <0.001 | ||
| Median household income | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 9 | 164.682 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Quartile 2 | 11 | 0.967 (0.924, 1.013) | 0.154 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 11 | 1.032 (0.980, 1.087) | 0.237 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 13 | 0.994 (0.926, 1.067) | 0.868 | ||
| Insurance Recode | |||||
| Insured | 12 | 109.011 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Any Medicaid | 10 | 1.182 (1.121, 1.246) | <0.001 | ||
| Uninsured | 13 | 1.203 (1.099, 1.316) | <0.001 | ||
| Laterality | |||||
| One side involvement | 12 | 511.635 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Bilateral involvement | 5 | 1.281 (1.151, 1.425) | <0.001 | ||
| Paired site | 6 | 1.114 (0.967, 1.283) | 0.134 | ||
| Not a paired site | 7 | 1.164 (1.121, 1.208) | <0.001 | ||
| Surgery stratified | |||||
| Surgery performed | 14 | 2981.314 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| No surgical procedure of primary site | 4 | 1.838 (1.777, 1.900) | <0.001 | ||
| Metastasis | |||||
| No; none | 11 | 191.118 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Distant metastasis | 6 | 0.794 (0.577, 1.092) | 0.157 | ||
| Tumor size | |||||
| ≤3 cm | 14 | 168.518 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| 3‐6 cm | 12 | 1.151 (1.105, 1.200) | <0.001 | ||
| >6 cm | 9 | 1.335 (1.271, 1.402) | <0.001 | ||
| SEER Stage | |||||
| Localized | 12 | 730.439 | <0.001 | Reference | |
| Regional | 6 | 1.363 (1.315, 1.414) | <0.001 | ||
| Distant | 5 | 1.790 (1.331, 2.409) | <0.001 | ||