Table 2.

Factors associated with willingness to volunteer and participation in volunteering—findings from multivariate logistic regression analysis

Variables	Willingness			Participation
	P values	OR	95% CI	P values	OR	95% CI
Gender
Male	–	–	–	0.000	1.481	1.230 to 1.783
Female (reference)
Age
<35 (reference)
35–55	0.027	1.243	1.026 to 1.507	0.161	0.861	0.698 to 1.061
55+	0.006	1.433	1.106 to 1.857	0.060	0.756	0.565 to 1.012
Residency
Rural	0.011	1.308	1.064 to 1.608	0.000	1.518	1.208 to 1.908
Urban (reference)
Educational attainment
≤Junior high school (reference)
Senior high school	0.656	0.949	0.755 to 1.194	0.005	1.436	1.115 to 1.850
University	0.005	1.426	1.114 to 1.825	0.000	1.747	1.343 to 2.272
Knowledge about emergencies
On/below average (reference)
Above average	0.000	1.627	1.363 to 1.943	0.391	1.091	0.894 to 1.331
Risk perception
On/below average (reference)
Above average	0.031	1.209	1.018 to 1.436	–	–	–
Attitudes towards emergency preparedness
On/below average (reference)
Above average	0.000	1.567	1.318 to 1.862	–	–	–
Community attachment
On/below average (reference)
Above average	0.000	1.720	1.429 to 2.069	0.000	1.547	1.266 to 1.890
Recognition of responsibility
Yes	0.000	1.981	1.498 to 2.619	0.001	1.517	1.177 to 1.955
No (reference)
Self-efficacy
On/below average (reference)
Above average	0.001	1.360	1.133 to 1.631	–	–	–
Preparedness behaviour
On/below average (reference)
Above average	0.000	1.714	1.424 to 2.064	0.001	1.391	1.151 to 1.681
Past experience of emergency events
Yes	0.000	1.540	1.234 to 1.921	0.178	1.163	0.934 to 1.449
No (reference)
Injury insurance coverage
Yes	0.003	1.335	1.102 to 1.619	0.000	1.822	1.500 to 2.214
No (reference)
Exposure to awareness campaigns over the past year
Yes	–	–	–	0.000	2.191	1.784 to 2.691
No (reference)
Constants	0.000	0.317		0.000	0.072