Table 3B.

Risk factors for study outcomes, multivariable estimates (GA at enrolment >20 weeks)

Characteristics	Study outcomes
	Caesarean sections n=4816, 20% RR (95% CI)†	Pregnancy-related maternal complications n=3260, 14% RR (95% CI)†	Stillbirths n=488, 2% RR (95% CI)†	Neonatal deaths (within 28 days of birth) n=390, 1% RR (95% CI)†	Low birth weight (<2500 g) n=3776, 16% RR (95% CI)†
Mother’s age (years)
<20	0.63 *(0.46–0.86)	0.78 (0.58 to 1.07)	1.28 (0.66 to 2.49)	1.47 (0.75 to 2.87)	1.17 (0.92 to 1.48)
20–29	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
>29	1.66** (1.48 to 1.86)	1.37** (1.18 to 1.60)	2.31** (1.70 to 3.13)	1.47 (1.00 to 2.16)	1.29** (1.13 to 1.48)
Mother’s education (grades)
Primary or less (≤4)	0.45** (0.40 to 0.50)	0.61** (0.54 to 0.68)	1.51* (1.14 to 2.01)	1.56* (1.13 to 2.14)	1.08 (0.98 to 1.19)
Secondary (5–10)	0.66** (0.62 to 0.71)	0.87** (0.80 to 0.94)	1.34* (1.05 to 1.71)	1.37* (1.04 to 1.80)	1.10* (1.02 to 1.19)
University (>10)	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Parity
Nulliparous	1.51** (1.41 to 1.60)	1.98** (1.83 to 2.15)	1.25* (1.04 to 1.51)	1.31* (1.06 to 1.61)	1.31** (1.23 to 1.40)
1–2	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
>2	0.42** (0.32 to 0.55)	0.74* (0.56 to 0.98)	0.89 (0.56 to 1.42)	1.49 (0.95 to 2.34)	1 (0.84 to 1.20)
Anaemia (g/dL)
Severe/moderate (<10)	0.79** (0.72 to 0.87)	0.87* (0.78–0.97)	2.35** (1.56 to 3.53)	2.76** (1.73 to 4.42)	1.33** (1.19 to 1.49)
Mild (10–11)	0.87** (0.80 to 0.94)	0.87* (0.78 to 0.97)	1.81* (1.20 to 2.72)	1.73* (1.08 to 2.76)	1.07 (0.96 to 1.20)
Normal (≥11)	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Underweight (<18.5)	0.84** (0.77 to 0.91)	0.82** (0.74 to 0.90)	1.12 (0.91 to 1.39)	1.12 (0.88 to 1.42)	1.28** (1.19 to 1.38)
Normal (18.5 to 24.9)	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Overweight or obese (≥25)	1.59** (1.45 to 1.74)	1.55** (1.38 to 1.73)	0.7 (0.44 to 1.10)	1.03 (0.67 to 1.60)	0.78* (0.68 to 0.91)

*P<0.05, **p<0.001.

†Obtained by multivariable GEE regression models for each outcome, separately.

GA, gestational age; GEE, generalised estimating equations.