Skip to main content
. 2018 Aug 6;9:777. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00777

Table 2.

Cytotoxic compounds isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius.

Compound name First report Locale of collection Chemical structure Cytotoxic activities (IC50 in μM or μg/mL) References
Sphaerococcenol A 1976 La Escala, Spain graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0001.jpg U373 (IC50:3.2 μM)*; A549 (IC50:3.7 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:5.2 μM); OE21 (IC50:3 μM); PC-3 (IC50:3.7 μM); LoVo (IC50:2.8 μM); HepG2 (IC50:42.87 μM) Fenical et al., 1976; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a; Rodrigues et al., 2015
Bromosphaerol 1976 Italy graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0002.jpg U373 (IC50:30 μM); A549 (IC50:35 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:34 μM); OE21 (IC50:28 μM); PC-3 (IC50:30 μM); LoVo (IC50:23 μM); HepG2 (IC50:203.33 μM) Fattorusso et al., 1976; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a; Rodrigues et al., 2015
Bromosphaerodiol 1977 Portopalo, Sicily, Italy graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0003.jpg U373 (IC50:22 μM); A549 (IC50:24 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:31 μM); OE21 (IC50:15 μM); PC-3 (IC50:26 μM); LoVo (IC50:20 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
12S-Hydroxy-bromosphaerol 1982 Bay of Salerno, Italy graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0004.jpg HepG2 (IC50:291.42 μM); U373 (IC50:16 μM); A549 (IC50:19 μM), SK-MEL-28 (IC50:22 μM); OE21 (IC50:19 μM); PC-3 (IC50:12 μM); LoVo (IC50:9 μM) Cafieri et al., 1982; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a; Rodrigues et al., 2015
1S-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-bromosphaerol 1982 Bay of Salerno, Italy graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0005.jpg U373 (IC50:25 μM); A549 (IC50:28.6 μM); OE21 (IC50:20 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:26 μM); PC-3 (IC50: 25 μM); LoVo (IC50: 23 μM) Cafieri et al., 1982; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
Bromotetrasphaerol 1986 Bay of Napoles, Massalubrense, Italy graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0006.jpg U373 (IC50:34 μM); A549 (IC50:38 μM); OE21 (IC50:33 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:43 μM); PC-3 (IC50:43 μM); LoVo (IC50:56 μM) Cafieri et al., 1986; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
12R-Hydroxy-bromosphaerol 1987 Bay of Naples, Massalubrense, Italy graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0007.jpg HepG2 (IC50:104.83 μM); U373 (IC50:25 μM); A549 (IC50:28 μM); OE21 (IC50:25 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:29); PC-3 (IC50: 26 μM); LoVo (IC50: 26 μM) Cafieri et al., 1987; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a; Rodrigues et al., 2015
Alloaromadendrene 1988 Plomin, Croatia graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0008.jpg U373 (IC50:71 μM); A549 (IC50:79 μM); OE21 (IC50:83 μM); PC-3 (IC50: 35 μM); LoVo (IC50: 63 μM) de Rosa et al., 1988; Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
1S-Hydroperoxy- 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol-B 2008 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0009.jpg NSCLC-N6-L16 (IC50: 9.5 μg/mL); A549 (IC50:12 μg/mL); U373 (IC50:32 μM); A549 (IC50:40 μM); OE21 (IC50:25 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:31 μM); PC-3 (IC50: 30 μM); LoVo (IC50: 22 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2008, 2010a
1S-Hydroperoxy-12S-hydroxy-bromosphaerol-B 2008 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0010.jpg NSCLC-N6-L16 (IC50: 6 μg/mL); A549 (IC50:5 μg/mL); U373 (IC50:22 μM); A549 (IC50:26 μM); OE21 (IC50:27 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:28 μM); PC-3 (IC50: 28 μM); LoVo (IC50: 28 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2008, 2010a
14R-Hydroxy-13,14-dihydro-sphaerococcenol-A 2008 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0011.jpg NSCLC-N6-L16 (IC50:5 μg/mL); A549 (IC50: 4 μg/mL); U373 (IC50:7.2 μM); A549 (IC50:18 μM); OE21 (IC50:8.4 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:21 μM); PC-3 (IC50: 8.1 μM); LoVo (IC50: 5.3 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2008, 2010a
4R-Hydroxy-1-deoxy-bromotetrasphaerol 2010 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0012.jpg U373 (IC50:75 μM); A549 (IC50:63 μM); OE21 (IC50:64 μM); PC-3 (IC50: 43 μM); LoVo (IC50: 56 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a,c
Coronone 2010 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0013.jpg U373 (IC50:31 μM); A549 (IC50:42 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:38 μM); OE21 (IC50:30 μM); PC-3 (IC50:30 μM); LoVo (IC50:28 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
Sphaerollane-I 2009 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0014.jpg U373 (IC50:20 μM); A549 (IC50:44 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:57 μM); OE21 (IC50:34 μM); PC-3 (IC50:34 μM); LoVo (IC50:23 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2009, 2010a
Sphaerostanol 2010 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0015.jpg U373 (IC50:85 μM); A549 (IC50:97 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:96 μM); OE21 (IC50:60 μM); PC-3 (IC50:74 μM); LoVo (IC50:64 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
10R-Hydroxy-bromocorodienol 2010 Palaiokastritsa bay, Corfu Island, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0016.jpg U373 (IC50:60 μM); A549 (IC50:64 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:62 μM); OE21 (IC50:33 μM); PC-3 (IC50:48 μM); LoVo (IC50:24 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2010a
Sphaerodactylomelol 2015 Berlenga Nature Reserve, Peniche, Portugal graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0017.jpg Inhibition of cell proliferation (IC50: 280 μM); Cytotoxicity (IC50: 720 μM) on HepG2 cells Rodrigues et al., 2015
Spirosphaerol 2015 Liapades Bay, Corfu, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0018.jpg A549 (IC50:69 μM); Hs683 (IC50:56 μM); MCF-7 (IC50:67 μM); B16F10 (IC50:65 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2015
Anthrasphaerol 2015 Liapades Bay, Corfu, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0019.jpg A549 (IC50:90 μM); Hs683 (IC50:93 μM); MCF-7 (IC50:85 μM); B16F10 (IC50:63 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2015
Corfusphaeroxide 2015 Liapades Bay, Corfu, Greece graphic file with name fphar-09-00777-i0020.jpg A549 (IC50:67 μM); Hs683 (IC50:63 μM); MCF-7 (IC50:60 μM); U373 (IC50:81 μM); SK-MEL-28 (IC50:75 μM); B16F10 (IC50:46 μM) Smyrniotopoulos et al., 2015
*

Induce cytostatic activity on U373 cells inhibiting cell entrance into mitosis (3 μM). For the others compounds the possible intracellular signaling pathways were not characterized.