Figure 1.

Increase in asexual frequency in experimental mesocosms. (A) Mesocosms were initiated with 800 field‐collected juveniles (gray), which matured to adulthood and produced offspring (black) over the course of one year. Parents (originally juveniles) and offspring were separated by size and split into discrete generations (t and t+1, respectively). We then estimated the frequency of asexual individuals in parent (q_t) and offspring (q_t+1) generations. (B) The frequency of asexuals increased from the parent (t) to offspring (t+1) generation. Box plot shows median (black bar), upper, and lower quartiles (limits of box), minimum and maximum (whiskers, excluding outliers), and outliers (dots). The measure of significance is derived from the logistic model reported in the text. Each generation is represented by 24 mesocosms. The numbers of triploid females represented by each mesocosm are: 28.33 ± 1.50 SEM for parents and 23.67 ± 3.60 for offspring for the six mesocosms in 2012; 21.00 ± 1.97 for parents and 37.00 ± 2.29 for offspring in 2013 mesocosms; 16.67 ± 2.75 for parents and 34.33 ± 2.03 for offspring in 2014 mesocosms; and 16.67 ± 1.52 for parents and 27.83 ± 2.82 for offspring in 2015 mesocosms.