Fig 7. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents in greenhouse- and field-grown Setaria and Bracken.
(A) Flavonoid content was determined from field-grown and greenhouse-grown plants according to Kishore et al. [15] with rutin for calibration. (B) Total phenolics were determined according to Singleton and Rossi [43] with gallic acid for calibration. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three biological replicates. The letters a, b and c indicate the level of significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) towards each other. Significance was calculated by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparisons.