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Stone–(Thrower–)Wales transformation near a Si impurity. (a) Three consecutive STEM/MAADF frames recorded at 55 kV of a transformation induced by the electron beam. The inset numbers indicate the number of seconds of spot irradiation between frames. (b) Snapshots of a DFT/MD simulation of a 19.75 eV electron impact on the next-nearest C neighbor (black) to the Si, triggering the transformation.
