Table 2. IL-1β genotypes and higher risk of gastric carcinoma.

Genotypes	Phenotypes	Authors
IL-1β-31 and -511T	Induction of hypochlorhydria and precancerous lesions	[Takashima et al., 2001; Wang et al., 1999] [141, 142]
IL-1β-31C and IL-1RN 2/2	Greater risk of chronic low gastric acid secretion and gastric cancer	[El-Omar et al., 2003] [143]
IL-1β-511T, IL-1RN*2/*2, TNF-α-308A, and IL-10 (haplotype ATA/ATA)	Higher risk of noncardia gastric cancer	[Stein et al., 2017; Sokolova et al., 2014] [86, 138]
(cagA(+)/vacAs1(+)/IL-1β-511T) both host and bacterial	Severe gastric anomalies	[Hong et al., 2016] [40]
IL-1β-511T	Frequent occurrence of intestinal type against to the diffuse or mixed-type of gastric	[Yu et al., 2010; Kamangar et al., 2006; Ruzzo et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2007] [144–148]
IL-1β-31TT	Higher levels of mucosal IL-1β in H. pylori-infected gastric cancer patients	[Chang et al., 2005] [149]
IL-1β-31 CT and TT	Increased possibility of infection by H. pylori	[Sun et al., 2015] [121]