Table 2.
Bivariate analyses between Pap results, sociodemographic characteristics, health, sexual, and drug use behavior, and cervical STI results of FSWs in La Romana.
| Abnormal Pap | Normal Pap | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 52 (36.1%) | N = 92 (63.9%) | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristicsa | |||
| Age, yearsb | 0.027 | ||
| mean (SD) | 26.4 (7.2) | 27.9 (5.7) | |
| median (Q1, Q3) | 25 (21.5, 29.5) | 27 (23, 32) | |
| Age groups, years | 0.148 | ||
| 18–24 | 25 (48.1) | 30 (32.6) | |
| 25–34 | 22 (42.3) | 52 (56.5) | |
| 35–44 | 3 (5.8) | 9 (9.7) | |
| 45–54 | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Country of birth | 0.785 | ||
| Dominican Republic | 51 (98.1) | 89 (96.7) | |
| Haiti | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Other | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Civil status | 0.274 | ||
| Single | 41 (78.9) | 79 (85.9) | |
| Stable partnership with a woman | 1 (1.9) | 4 (4.3) | |
| Married or stable partnership with a man | 9 (17.3) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Separated or divorced | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Widowed | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Refused | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Education | 0.370 | ||
| Primary or below | 14 (26.9) | 32 (34.8) | |
| Secondary | 30 (57.7) | 52 (56.5) | |
| University | 8 (15.4) | 8 (8.7) | |
| Sources of income | 0.639 | ||
| Work, regular or fixed | 21 (40.4) | 38 (41.3) | |
| Work, irregular, temporary, or seasonal | 24 (46.1) | 47 (51.1) | |
| Money from family or friends | 3 (5.8) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Multiple sources | 4 (7.7) | 5 (5.4) | |
| Income, monthly (RD pesos)c,d | 0.748 | ||
| 3,500 or less | 3 (7.1) | 6 (9.0) | |
| 3501–6000 | 3 (7.1) | 10 (14.9) | |
| 6001–10,000 | 16 (38.1) | 20 (29.8) | |
| 10,001–20,000 | 13 (31.0) | 19 (28.4) | |
| 20,001 or more | 7 (16.7) | 12 (17.9) | |
| Health behavior | |||
| Frequency of visits to the doctor, last year | 0.369 | ||
| 2–3 times a month | 3 (6.1) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Once a month | 10 (20.4) | 15 (16.9) | |
| Once every 2–6 months | 22 (44.9) | 51 (57.3) | |
| Once a year | 10 (20.4) | 17 (19.1) | |
| Less than once a year | 4 (8.2) | 5 (5.6) | |
| History of Pap? | 0.430 | ||
| No | 14 (26.9) | 19 (21.1) | |
| Yes | 38 (73.1) | 71 (78.9) | |
| Last Pap | 0.266 | ||
| Over a year ago | 17 (44.8) | 42 (59.2) | |
| Less than a year ago | 20 (52.6) | 27 (38.0) | |
| Don’t know | 1 (2.6) | 2 (2.8) | |
| Sexual behavior | |||
| Age at first sexual relation, mean years (SD) | 14.9 (2.1) | 15.6 (2.2) | 0.067 |
| Condom use in vaginal and/or anal sex, last 6 months | 0.399 | ||
| Not always | 23 (46.9) | 36 (39.6) | |
| Always | 26 (53.1) | 55 (60.4) | |
| Ease of access to condoms | 0.134 | ||
| Easy | 49 (94.2) | 91 (98.9) | |
| Difficult | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Don’t know | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Most common type of sexual practice, last 6 months | 0.914 | ||
| Vaginal +/− oral | 44 (89.8) | 81 (88.0) | |
| Anal receptive +/− oral | 3 (6.1) | 8 (8.7) | |
| Oral only | 2 (4.1) | 3 (3.3) | |
| Total number of sexual partners, last six months | 0.871 | ||
| 0 | 2 (3.9) | 2 (2.2) | |
| 1 | 5 (9.6) | 7 (7.7) | |
| 2–10 | 18 (34.6) | 32 (35.1) | |
| 11–50 | 15 (28.8) | 20 (22.0) | |
| 51–100 | 2 (3.9) | 4 (4.4) | |
| Don’t know | 9 (17.3) | 24 (26.4) | |
| Refused | 1 (1.9) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Transactional sexual behavior | |||
| Recruitment site | 0.966 | ||
| Beer center | 35 (67.3) | 56 (61.5) | |
| Bar or cabaret | 3 (5.8) | 5 (5.5) | |
| Restaurant | 2 (3.8) | 7 (7.7) | |
| Brothel | 1 (1.9) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Night Club | 4 (7.8) | 7 (7.7) | |
| Independent | 7 (13.4) | 14 (15.4) | |
| Age at first transactional sexual relation, yearb | 0.957 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 20.4 (5.1) | 20.4 (5.2) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 19 (17, 23) | 19 (16, 24) | |
| Average number of transactional sexual partners per month, individualsb,e | 0.539 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 6.4 (6.3) | 5.6 (3.8) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 4 (2, 10) | 5 (3, 7) | |
| Types of gifts received in exchange for sex, last six months | 0.149 | ||
| None | 1 (1.9) | 4 (4.3) | |
| Money | 46 (88.5) | 86 (93.5) | |
| Money and other giftf | 5 (9.6) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Condom use in transactional sex, last six months | 0.483 | ||
| Not always | 4 (8.7) | 10 (12.8) | |
| Always | 42 (91.3) | 68 (87.2) | |
| Drug use behaviors | |||
| Frequency of alcohol use | 0.591 | ||
| Never | 8 (15.4) | 12 (13.0) | |
| Once or less a month | 3 (5.8) | 13 (14.1) | |
| 2–4 times a month | 4 (7.7) | 12 (13.1) | |
| 2–3 times a week | 14 (26.8) | 21 (22.8) | |
| Four or more times a week | 21 (40.4) | 31 (33.7) | |
| Refused | 2 (3.9) | 3 (3.3) | |
| Frequency of 6 or more drinks per day | 0.017 | ||
| Never | 15 (34.1) | 51 (63.8) | |
| Once or less a month | 5 (11.4) | 7 (8.8) | |
| Weekly | 14 (31.8) | 12 (15.0) | |
| Daily or almost daily | 9 (20.4) | 8 (10.0) | |
| Didn’t understand | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Refused | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Alcohol use before sex, last six months | 0.539 | ||
| No | 3 (7.0) | 9 (11.3) | |
| Yes | 40 (93.0) | 71 (88.7) | |
| Drug use, last six months | 0.796 | ||
| No | 40 (76.9) | 69 (75.0) | |
| Yes | 12 (23.1) | 23 (25.0) | |
| Drug use before or during sex, last six months | 0.153 | ||
| No | 7 (58.3) | 7 (30.4) | |
| Yes | 5 (41.7) | 16 (69.6) | |
| Cervical STI results | |||
| High-risk human papillomavirus | <0.001 | ||
| Negative | 5 (9.8) | 76 (82.6) | |
| Positive | 46 (90.2) | 16 (17.4) | |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 0.281 | ||
| Negative | 46 (90.2) | 88 (95.7) | |
| Positive | 5 (9.8) | 4 (4.3) | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 0.289 | ||
| Negative | 49 (96.1) | 91 (98.9) | |
| Positive | 2 (3.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Mycoplasma genitalium | 0.134 | ||
| Negative | 49 (94.2) | 91 (98.9) | |
| Positive | 3 (5.8) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 0.212 | ||
| Negative | 50 (96.2) | 82 (89.1) | |
| Positive | 2 (3.8) | 10 (10.9) | |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | 0.052 | ||
| Negative | 14 (27.5) | 40 (44.0) | |
| Positive | 37 (72.5) | 51 (56.0) |
a
Section headings from the qualitative interview appear in bold.
b
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used.
c
Response total by Pap result that does not sum to 52 and 92 for Abnormal Pap and Normal Pap, respectively, have missing values.
d
As of March 2018, one Dominican peso equated to $0.02 US dollars.
e
There were 95 responses total; one large outlier was excluded.
f
Other gift was defined as services, goods, food, drugs, or rent.