Table 1.
Characteristics of breast cancer cases and their matched controls
| Cases | Controls | |
|---|---|---|
| (n = 60 360) | (n = 603 600) | |
| Age | ||
| Median (IQR, years) | 62 (53–70) | 62 (53–70) |
| < 50 years | 10 386 (17%) | 103 860 (17%) |
| 50–69 years | 34 259 (57%) | 342 590 (57%) |
| 70+ years | 15 715 (26%) | 157 150 (26%) |
| Cancer diagnosis | ||
| Ductal adenocarcinoma | 45 662 (76%) | NA |
| Lobular adenocarcinoma | 7546 (13%) | NA |
| Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified | 3631 (6.0%) | NA |
| Carcinoma, not otherwise specified | 3280 (5.4%) | NA |
| Other cancers | 241 (0.4%) | NA |
| Use of antipscyhotics | ||
| Never use (any antipsychotic) | 55 409 (92%) | 555 957 (92%) |
| Ever use (any antipsychotic) | 4951 (8.2%) | 47 643 (7.9%) |
| Ever use (prolactin‐inducing) | 4798 (7.9%) | 46 156 (7.6%) |
| Long‐term use * | 693 (1.1%) | 6323 (1.0%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | ||
| 0 | 45 917 (76%) | 463 552 (77%) |
| 1 | 8462 (14%) | 86 255 (14%) |
| 2 | 3543 (5.9%) | 31 675 (5.2%) |
| ≥3 | 2438 (4.0%) | 22 118 (3.7%) |
| Drugs | ||
| Low‐dose aspirin | 8067 (13%) | 80 180 (13%) |
| Nonaspirin NSAID | 32 801 (54%) | 318 551 (52%) |
| Digoxin | 1211 (2.0%) | 9377 (1.6%) |
| Statins | 8487 (14%) | 86 559 (14%) |
| Spironolactone | 1104 (1.8%) | 9778 (1.6%) |
| Oral steroids | 7742 (13%) | 76 471 (13%) |
| Metoclopramide | 3418 (5.7%) | 32 636 (5.4%) |
| Domperidone | 158 (0.3%) | 1588 (0.3%) |
| Loop diuretics | 5115 (8.5%) | 46 913 (7.8%) |
| Beta‐blockers | 2794 (4.6%) | 24 573 (4.1%) |
| Vascular calcium‐channel blockers | 7374 (12%) | 71 488 (12%) |
| Oral contraceptives | ||
| Gestagen | 9548 (16%) | 89 324 (15%) |
| Combination therapy | 1080 (1.8%) | 9642 (1.6%) |
| Intravaginal | 104 (0.2%) | 1036 (0.2%) |
| Hormone replacement therapy | ||
| Short term – distant | 2984 (4.9%) | 32 656 (5.4%) |
| Short term – recent | 1148 (1.9%) | 13 064 (2.2%) |
| Long term – distant | 6113 (10%) | 62 812 (10%) |
| Long term – recent | 13 204 (22%) | 100 683 (17%) |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 9541 (16%) | 90 837 (15%) |
| Diagnoses | ||
| Diabetes | 3325 (5.5%) | 32 387 (5.4%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2611 (4.3%) | 24 168 (4.0%) |
| Alcohol‐related disease | 1408 (2.3%) | 12 170 (2.0%) |
| Psychiatric diagnoses | ||
| Schizophrenia | 327 (0.5%) | 2671 (0.4%) |
| Schizotypical and delusional disorders | 491 (0.8%) | 4459 (0.7%) |
| Manic episode | 51 (0.1%) | 533 (0.1%) |
| Bipolar affective disorder | 336 (0.6%) | 2954 (0.5%) |
| Mood disorders | 1706 (2.8%) | 16 735 (2.8%) |
| Phobic anxiety disorders | 133 (0.2%) | 1360 (0.2%) |
| Other anxiety disorders | 518 (0.9%) | 5082 (0.8%) |
| Neurotic, stress‐related and somatoform disorders | 1509 (2.5%) | 14 329 (2.4%) |
| Highest achieved education | ||
| Short; Elementary school (7–10 years) | 21 421 (35%) | 230 371 (38%) |
| Medium; High school (11–13 years) | 21 370 (35%) | 204 124 (34%) |
| Long; College (>13 years) | 14 998 (25%) | 136 320 (23%) |
| Unknown | 2571 (4.3%) | 32 785 (5.4%) |
IQR = interquartile range; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug
*
Exposure to different antipsychotics was standardized using olanzapine equivalents 38. Long‐term use was defined as a cumulative exposure of 10 000 mg olanzapine.