Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients according to intubation device
| Variable | Total n = 958 |
Direct laryngoscopy n = 465 |
Video laryngoscopy n = 493 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63 [53, 73] | 66 [56, 74] | 61 [51, 71] | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 621 (64.8) | 318 (68.4) | 303 (61.5) | 0.025 |
| Medical department*, n (%) | 713 (74.4) | 293 (63.0) | 420 (85.2) | < 0.001 |
| Reason for intubation, n (%) | ||||
| Airway protection | 138 (14.4) | 67 (14.4) | 71 (14.4) | 0.998 |
| Hypercapnic respiratory failure | 91 (9.5) | 49 (10.5) | 42 (8.5) | 0.287 |
| Hypoxic respiratory failure | 567 (59.2) | 273 (58.7) | 294 (59.6) | 0.771 |
| Shock | 44 (4.6) | 22 (4.7) | 22 (4.5) | 0.843 |
| Metabolic acidosis | 84 (8.8) | 33 (7.1) | 51 (10.3) | 0.076 |
| Others | 34 (3.5) | 21 (4.5) | 13 (2.6) | 0.116 |
| Pre-intubation | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125 ± 33 | 127 ± 34 | 122 ± 33 | 0.022 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 ± 23 | 73 ± 22 | 71 ± 23 | 0.227 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 120 ± 28 | 120 ± 28 | 121 ± 28 | 0.385 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 94 [88, 98] | 94 [89, 98] | 93 [88, 98] | 0.003 |
| Severe desaturation (SpO2 < 80%), n (%) | 76 (8.6) | 28 (6.5) | 48 (10.6) | 0.029 |
| Pre-oxygenation devices, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Nasal cannula | 154 (17.5) | 79 (18.6) | 75 (16.5) | |
| Venture mask | 103 (11.7) | 62 (14.6) | 41 (9.0) | |
| Simple mask | 14 (1.6) | 7 (1.6) | 7 (1.5) | |
| Reservoir mask | 424 (48.2) | 206 (48.5) | 218 (47.9) | |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 163 (18.5) | 55 (12.9) | 108 (23.7) | |
| BiPAP | 22 (2.5) | 16 (3.8) | 6 (1.3) | |
| Predicted difficult airway, n (%) | 194 (20.3) | 59 (12.7) | 135 (27.4) | < 0.001 |
| Blood, vomitus, or secretion in airway | 18 (1.9) | 6 (1.3) | 12 (2.4) | 0.193 |
| Cervical immobilisation | 21 (2.2) | 6 (1.3) | 15 (3.0) | 0.064 |
| Neck trauma/mass or vocal cord palsy | 47 (4.9) | 15 (3.2) | 32 (6.5) | 0.019 |
| Evaluate the 3-3-2 rule | 37 (3.9) | 7 (1.5) | 30 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
| Short neck | 74 (7.7) | 25 (5.4) | 49 (9.9) | 0.008 |
| Obesity | 32 (3.3) | 9 (1.9) | 23 (4.7) | 0.019 |
| Limited mouth opening/small mouth | 59 (6.2) | 15 (3.2) | 44 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| Large tongue | 16 (1.7) | 8 (1.7) | 8 (1.6) | 0.906 |
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range), mean (standard deviation), or n (%)
SpO2 Oxygen saturation
* Departments were divided into two groups: medical and surgical departments