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. 2018 Aug 13;8:12010. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30534-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spontaneous insertion of LPS from E. coli and S. minnesota into cellular membranes. (A) Representative Airyscan confocal images of CHO-TRPA1 cells stained with membrane mask (red), DAPI (blue) and treated with Alexa Fluor 488 LPS (green) from E. coli (20 µg/ml top panel) or S. minnesota (20 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml middle and bottom panel respectively). Scale bar, 5 µm (B) Quantification of Alexa Fluor 488 intensity present in the cellular membrane after treatment with LPS. Data is shown as mean ± s.e.m. from at least 10 cells. **P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test.