Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Aug 13;8:12079. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30621-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

D18 or TNF synergised with IL2 in T regs proliferation. PBMC were treated for 48 hours with the treatment indicated. (a) For T cons, single treatment by IL2 induced 21% more Ki67 expression (n = 4, p = 0.036); TNF or D18 alone induced no significant regulation; the combination of TNF or D18 with IL2 induced no significant difference in the level of Ki67 compared to IL2 alone. For T regs, single treatment by IL2 induced significantly more Ki67 expression (49.3% more, n = 4 and p = 0.012); TNF or D18 alone induced no significant regulation of Ki67; the combination of TNF or D18 with IL2 induced significantly more Ki67 expression than IL2 itself (n = 4, p = 0.002 or p = 0.028 respectively). (b) A quarter of one million PBMCs were counted and analysed with a flow cytometer, in which none of the treatment significantly regulated the number of T cons. For T regs, IL2 treatment induced a 140% increase in cell numbers, the combination of TNF or D18 induced a further increase in cell numbers (57% more or 35% more respectively, n = 6, p = 0.008 or p = 0.007 respectively). (c) For T cons, only single treatment by TNF significantly up-regulated NFκB2 expression (n = 6, p = 0.007), IL2 or the combination of IL2 with TNF or D18 induced no significant regulation. For T regs, all of the single treatments by TNF, D18 or IL2 significantly up-regulated NFκB2 expression (n = 6, p = 0.005, p = 0.021 or p = 0.049 respectively); the combination of TNF or D18 with IL2 induced significantly more NFκB2 expression than IL2 alone (n = 6, p = 0.021 or p = 0.008 respectively). (*p < 0.05 compared to untreated; ^#p < 0.05 compared to IL2 treated.)