Table 2.
Clinical features and best-corrected visual acuity in eyes of patients presenting with ocular syphilis (unless otherwise stated, n = 214 total eyes, 114 HIV-negative eyes and 61 HIV-positive eyes)a.
| Variable | All eyes | HIV-negative eyes | HIV-positive eyes | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomic classification of uveitis25b, n (%) [n = 212 total eyes: 112 HIV-negative eyes, 61 HIV-positive eyes] | 0.020d | |||
| Anterior | 13 (6.1) | 11 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Intermediate | 18 (8.5) | 16 (14.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Posterior | 163 (76.9) | 78 (69.6) | 51 (83.6) | |
| Panuveitis | 18 (8.5) | 7 (6.2) | 9 (14.8) | |
| Anterior segment findings, n (%) | ||||
| Anterior chamber cells | 96 (44.9) | 43 (37.7) | 33 (54.1) | 0.083d |
| Keratic precipitates | 42 (19.6) | 17 (14.9) | 14 (23.0) | 0.113d |
| Posterior synechiae | 24 (11.2) | 13 (11.4) | 8 (13.1) | 0.479d |
| Cataract | 19 (8.9) | 14 (12.2) | 5 (8.2) | 0.874d |
| Conjunctival hyperemia | 8 (3.7) | 5 (4.4) | 3 (4.9) | 0.886d |
| Keratitis | 4 (1.9) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0.736e |
| Nodular scleritis | 3 (1.4) | 3 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.552e |
| Posterior segment findingsc, n (%) [n = 212 total eyes: 114 HIV-negative eyes, 60 HIV-positive eyes] | ||||
| Vitritis | 94 (44.3) | 48 (42.1) | 28 (46.7) | 0.315d |
| Papillitis | 68 (32.1) | 34 (29.8) | 25 (41.7) | 0.451d |
| Retinitis | 54 (25.5) | 24 (21.1) | 18 (30.0) | 0.194d |
| Retinal vasculitis | 58 (27.4) | 30 (26.3) | 11 (18.3) | 0.306d |
| Choroiditis/chorioretinitis | 30 (14.2) | 15 (13.2) | 8 (13.3) | 0.920d |
| Cystoid macular edema | 11 (5.2) | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.7) | 0.939d |
| Exudative retinal detachment | 9 (4.2) | 5 (4.4) | 4 (6.7) | 0.268d |
| Epiretinal membrane | 6 (2.8) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (6.7) | 0.077d |
| Neuroretinitis | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.345e |
| Choroidal neovascularization | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.546e |
| Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999e |
| Visual acuity, n (%) | ||||
| ≤20/50 | 141 (65.9) | 75 (65.8) | 40 (65.6) | 0.954d |
| ≤20/200 | 83 (38.8) | 37 (32.5) | 26 (42.6) | 0.230d |
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus. aHIV testing was either not performed or results were not available for 39 eyes (18.2%) of 23 patients. bTwo eyes with isolated scleritis were excluded from the classification. cEvaluation of posterior segment was not possible in 2 eyes (0.9%) of 2 patients due to media opacities. Statistical analyses were performed by: dgeneralized estimating equation models and eFisher’s exact test.