Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and sonographic data.
|
Parkinson's disease (n = 31) |
Essential tremor (n = 16) |
HC (n = 16) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.0 (14.0) | 63.5 (21.25) | 58.0 (9.25) | 0.079H |
| Female (%)/ | 10 (32.3)/ | 8 (50)/ | 10 (62.5)/ | 0.129F |
| Male (%) | 21 (67.7) | 8 (50) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Time to first suspected disease | 9.0 (6.0) | 4.5 (9.75) | – | 0.220U |
| Hoehn and Yahr | 2.0 (0) | – | – | |
| MDR-UPDRS III | 28.0 (14.0) | 7.5 (5.0) | 0.5 (2.0) | <0.001H, b |
| BDI-II | 10.0 (14.0) | 12.0 (12.5) | 5.0 (8.25) | 0.050H, c |
| LARS | −24.0 (15.0) | −30.0 (9.0) | −31.0 (4.75) | <0.001H, b |
| TCS | ||||
| Axial SN echogenicity in cm2 (Hyperechogen in %) | 0.27 (0.10) (90.3) |
0.14 (0.04) (12.5) |
0.145 (1.0) (18.8) |
<0.001H, a < 0.001F, a |
| Reduced BR signal axial (%) |
32.3 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 0.044F, a |
| Reduced BR signal coronal (%) |
29.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.119F |
Boldface p-values indicate statistical sgnificance. Values are given in median and (interquartile range). MDR-UPDRS, Part 3 of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, BDI-II, Becks Depression Inventory II; LARS, Lille Apathy Rating Scale; TCS, Transcranial sonography.
a
Significant difference between the three groups but not between ET patients and HC;
b
Significant difference between the three groups and also between ET patients and HC;
c
Significant difference between the three groups but not between PD and ET patients;
H
Kruskal-Wallis H test;
U
Mann-Whitney-U test;
F
Freeman-Halton extension of Fisher's exact test.