Table 1.
Statistical analysis.
| Figure/Table | Vigilance state | Two- or three-way ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction factors | Main factors | ||
| Figure 2 (Young mice) | Waking | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| F(11,432) = 0.769 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.671 with ‘treatment∗time of day’ | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | |||
| NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | |
| F(11,432) = 0.782 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.658 with ‘treatment∗time of day’ | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | |||
| REM sleep | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.056 | |
| F(11,432) = 0.527 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.885 with ‘treatment∗time of day’ p = 0.032 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Figure 2 (18 months old mice) | Waking | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.026∗ |
| F(11,360) = 0.898 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.542 | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.003 ∗ | |
| F(11,360) = 0.821 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.619 | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| REM sleep | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.032 ∗ | |
| F(11,360) = 0.565 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.857 | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Figure 2 (24 months old mice) | Waking | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.825 |
| F(11,354) = 1.722 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.067 | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.726 | |
| F(11,354) = 2.041 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.024 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| REM sleep | ‘treatment∗day∗time of day’ | ‘treatment’ p = 0.02 ∗ | |
| F(11,354) = 0.741 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.699 with ‘treatment∗time of day’ | ‘time of day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| p = 0.008 ∗ and ‘treatment∗day’ | |||
| p = 0.005 ∗ | |||
| Table 2 (Young mice) | Waking | ‘treatment∗Light-Dark’ F(5,96) = 4.773 | ‘treatment’ p = 0.008 ∗ |
| p = 0.001 ∗ | ‘Light-Dark’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗Light-Dark’ F(5,96) = 4.1 | ‘treatment’ p = 0.002 ∗ | |
| p = 0.002 ∗ | ‘Light-Dark’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Table 2 (24 months old mice) | REM sleep | ‘treatment∗Light-Dark’ F(5,96) = 3.8 | ‘treatment’ p = 0.007 ∗ |
| p = 0.004 ∗ | ‘Light-Dark’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Figure 3 (Young mice) | Waking | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,540) = 8.23 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,540) = 9.778 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| REM sleep | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,540) = 3.949 | ‘treatment’ p = 0.0061 ∗ | |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Figure 3 (18 months old mice) | Waking | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,450) = 2.42 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,450) = 1.173 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | |
| p = 0.248 | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| REM sleep | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,450) = 1.79 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | |
| p = 0.008 ∗ | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Figure 3 (24 months old mice) | NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,450) = 1.014 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| p = 0.448 | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| REM sleep | ‘treatment∗frequency bin’ F(29,450) = 1.109 | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | |
| p = 0.32 | ‘frequency bin’ p < 0.0001 ∗ | ||
| Figure 4 (all groups) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘treatment∗time of day∗day’ | ‘treatment’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| F(40,988) = 0.03 | time of day’ p = 0.124 | ||
| p > 0.99 | ‘day’ p = 0.377 | ||
| Figure 4 (Young control mice) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘time of day∗day’ F(8,89) = 11.05 | ‘day’ p = 0.05 |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p = 0.93 | ||
| Figure 4 (Young RW mice) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘time of day∗day’ F(8,62) = 7.443 | ‘day’ p = 0.26 |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p = 0.15 | ||
| Figure 4 (18 months old control mice) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘time of day∗day’ F(8,63) = 5.48 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p = 0.9995 | ||
| Figure 4 (18 months old RW mice) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘time of day∗day’ F(8,72) = 14.65 | ‘day’ p = 0.275 |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p = 0.69 | ||
| Figure 4 (24 months old control mice) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘time of day∗day’ F(8,66) = 9.46 | ‘day’ p < 0.0001 ∗ |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p = 0.9988 | ||
| Figure 4 (24 months old RW mice) | Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep | ‘time of day∗day’ F(8,63) = 5.35 | ‘day’ p = 0.82 |
| p < 0.0001 ∗ | ‘time of day’ p > 0.999 | ||
Statistical analysis: two or three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test the effect of exercise (treatment) and sleep deprivation (see text for more details). Asterisks following reported p values indicate significance (∗p < 0.05).