Table 1.
Neuromuscular data during stance perturbation.
| Protocol 1: Stance perturbation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Δ pre/post | Pt | d | P | ||
| SLR iEMG [%] | ||||||
| RF | RBT | +60 ± 93 | 0.01 | 0.95 | F(1,16) = 5.390, p = 0.034 | 0.252 |
| CBT | +46 ± 120 | 0.06 | 0.55 | |||
| BF | RBT | +88 ± 209 | 0.06 | 0.62 | F(1,14) = 3.846, p = 0.070 | 0.216 |
| CBT | +45 ± 198 | 0.19 | 0.33 | |||
| TA | RBT | +1 ± 60 | 0.48 | 0.02 | F(1,13) = 0.057, p = 0.815 | 0.004 |
| CBT | -5 ± 31 | 0.25 | 0.23 | |||
| SOL | RBT | -11 ± 39 | 0.14 | 0.40 | F(1,16) = 0.038, p = 0.847 | 0.002 |
| CBT | +11 ± 57 | 0.20 | 0.29 | |||
| MLR iEMG [%] | ||||||
| RF | RBT | +29 ± 70 | 0.05 | 0.60 | F(1,16) = 5.892, p = 0.027 | 0.269 |
| CBT | +22 ± 67 | 0.09 | 0.47 | |||
| BF | RBT | +62 ± 182 | 0.11 | 0.50 | F(1,13) = 1.299, p = 0.275 | 0.091 |
| CBT | -6 ± 35 | 0.25 | 0.26 | |||
| TA | RBT | +12 ± 61 | 0.23 | 0.30 | F(1,13) = 0.614, p = 0.447 | 0.045 |
| CBT | -3 ± 36 | 0.35 | 0.13 | |||
| SOL | RBT | -9 ± 45 | 0.21 | 0.29 | F(1,16) = 0.006, p = 0.939 | <0.001 |
| CBT | +5 ± 48 | 0.34 | 0.15 | |||
| LLR iEMG [%] | ||||||
| RF | RBT | +1 ± 55 | 0.48 | 0.02 | F(1,16) = 2.194, p = 0.158 | 0.121 |
| CBT | +32 ± 82 | 0.06 | 0.56 | |||
| BF | RBT | +42 ± 97 | 0.06 | 0.64 | F(1,13) = 1.646, p = 0.222 | 0.112 |
| CBT | +39 ± 221 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |||
| TA | RBT | +26 ± 159 | 0.27 | 0.24 | F(1,14) = 0.361, p = 0.558 | 0.025 |
| CBT | 0 ± 43 | 0.49 | 0.01 | |||
| SOL | RBT | -10 ± 46 | 0.20 | 0.30 | F(1,16) = 0.544, p = 0.471 | 0.033 |
| CBT | +26 ± 113 | 0.16 | 0.34 | |||
| LLR120-150 iEMG [%] | ||||||
| RF | RBT | -17 ± 39 | 0.03 | 0.65 | F(1,15) = 4.607, p = 0.049 | 0.235 |
| CBT | +134 ± 218 | 0.01 | 0.90 | |||
| BF | RBT | +123 ± 157 | <0.01 | 1.14 | F(1,16) = 10.713, p = 0.005 | 0.401 |
| CBT | +39 ± 72 | 0.02 | 0.79 | |||
| TA | RBT | +94 ± 129 | <0.01 | 1.06 | F(1,17) = 8.572, p = 0.009 | 0.335 |
| CBT | +6 ± 114 | 0.41 | 0.08 | |||
| SOL | RBT | +97 ± 105 | <0.01 | 1.35 | F(1,17) = 21.366, p < 0.001 | 0.557 |
| CBT | +52 ± 80 | <0.01 | 0.95 | |||
| LLR150-210 iEMG [%] | ||||||
| RF | RBT | +27 ± 101 | 0.13 | 0.39 | F(1,17) = 8.464, p = 0.010 | 0.332 |
| CBT | +96 ± 140 | <0.01 | 1.00 | |||
| BF | RBT | +50 ± 159 | 0.09 | 0.46 | F(1,16) = 2.704, p = 0.120 | 0.145 |
| CBT | +31 ± 58 | 0.02 | 0.77 | |||
| TA | RBT | +14 ± 187 | 0.38 | 0.11 | F(1,17) = 2.502, p = 0.132 | 0.128 |
| CBT | +62 ± 81 | <0.01 | 1.11 | |||
| SOL | RBT | +91 ± 93 | <0.01 | 1.42 | F(1,17) = 19.998, p < 0.001 | 0.541 |
| CBT | +125 ± 196 | <0.01 | 0.93 | |||
Mean changes in iEMG (%) in the short- (SLR), medium- (MLR), and long-latency responses (LLR) after perturbations during quiet monopedal stance (protocol 1). iEMG data are normalized to baseline values. Significant changes in response to the training intervention (TTEST, Pt) with effect sizes (Cohen’s d, d) as well as time interactions (rmANOVA, P) with effect sizes (Partial Eta Squared, ) are illustrated in bold in the right columns with Pt and P < 0.05.