Table 4.

Neuromuscular data during marching in place perturbation.

	Protocol 2: Marching in place perturbation
	Group	Δ pre/post	Pt	d	P	${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{2}}$
SLR iEMG [%]
RF	RBT	+43 ± 84	0.02	0.75	F(1,17) = 7.853, p = 0.012	0.316
	CBT	+80 ± 141	0.01	0.83
BF	RBT	+59 ± 200	0.13	0.43	F(1,14) = 2.624, p = 0.128	0.158
	CBT	+53 ± 220	0.18	0.35
TA	RBT	-8 ± 37	0.21	0.30	F(1,15) = 0.438, p = 0.518	0.028
	CBT	+14 ± 54	0.14	0.37
SOL	RBT	+46 ± 119	0.06	0.56	F(1,17) = 9.339, p = 0.007	0.355
	CBT	+52 ± 83	0.01	0.90
MLR iEMG [%]
RF	RBT	+26 ± 45	0.02	0.82	F(1,16) = 6.968, p = 0.018	0.303
	CBT	+42 ± 95	0.04	0.64
BF	RBT	+38 ± 219	0.26	0.25	F(1,13) = 0.441, p = 0.518	0.033
	CBT	-1 ± 32	0.47	0.03
TA	RBT	+9 ± 56	0.27	0.23	F(1,15) = 2.024, p = 0.175	0.119
	CBT	+10 ± 47	0.19	0.31
SOL	RBT	+38 ± 113	0.09	0.49	F(1,17) = 2.938, p = 0.105	0.147
	CBT	+36 ± 108	0.09	0.49
LLR iEMG [%]
RF	RBT	-12 ± 39	0.12	0.44	F(1,14) = 0.086, p = 0.773	0.006
	CBT	+15 ± 78	0.24	0.28
BF	RBT	+66 ± 212	0.11	0.46	F(1,14) = 1.941, p = 0.185	0.122
	CBT	+14 ± 124	0.34	0.16
TA	RBT	+27 ± 98	0.14	0.40	F(1,16) = 0.828, p = 0.376	0.049
	CBT	-5 ± 32	0.26	0.22
SOL	RBT	+5 ± 76	0.40	0.09	F(1,16) = 2.537, p = 0.131	0.137
	CBT	+59 ± 145	0.05	0.59
LLR120-150 iEMG [%]
RF	RBT	+85 ± 131	<0.01	0.94	F(1,17) = 7.146, p = 0.016	0.296
	CBT	+48 ± 189	0.15	0.37
BF	RBT	+185 ± 215	<0.01	1.26	F(1,16) = 10.519, p = 0.005	0.397
	CBT	-1 ± 158	0.49	0.01
TA	RBT	+41 ± 256	0.24	0.24	F(1,17) = 5.392, p = 0.033	0.241
	CBT	+86 ± 125	<0.01	1.00
SOL	RBT	+96 ± 108	<0.01	1.28	F(1,17) = 23.150, p < 0.001	0.577
	CBT	+110 ± 166	<0.01	0.96
LLR150-210 iEMG [%]
RF	RBT	+50 ± 104	0.03	0.69	F(1,17) = 5.410, p = 0.033	0.241
	CBT	+122 ± 261	0.03	0.68
BF	RBT	+123 ± 214	0.01	0.84	F(1,15) = 5.861, p = 0.029	0.281
	CBT	+53 ± 139	0.08	0.55
TA	RBT	+86 ± 258	0.09	0.48	F(1,17) = 4.879, p = 0.041	0.223
	CBT	+46 ± 125	0.07	0.54
SOL	RBT	+89 ± 94	<0.01	1.37	F(1,17) = 9.773, p = 0.006	0.365
	CBT	+64 ± 190	0.08	0.49

Mean changes in iEMG (%) in the short- (SLR), medium- (MLR), and long-latency responses (LLR) after perturbations during marching in place (protocol 1). iEMG data are normalized to baseline values. Significant changes in response to the training intervention (TTEST, P_t) with effect sizes (Cohen’s d, d) as well as time interactions (rmANOVA, P) with effect sizes (Partial Eta Squared, ${\mathit{\eta }}_{\mathit{p}}^{\mathit{2}}$ ) are illustrated in bold in the right columns with P_t and P < 0.05.