Table 4.

Summary of FDA approved US therapies (adapted from [16] with permission from John Wiley and Sons).

Type of ultrasound	Treatment	Mechanism	Frequency (MHz)	Ref.
Unfocused Beam	Tissue Warming	Heating by portable hand held machine	1–3	[80]
Hyperthermia	Cancer Therapy	Regional Heating	1–1.3	[81]
HIFU (High intensity focused ultrasound)	Uterine fibroid ablation	Thermal Lesion	0.5–2	[82]
HIFU	Glucoma Relief	Permiabilization with fixed probe	4.6	[83]
HIFU	Laproscopic tissue ablation	Thermal lesion with hand held machine	4	[84]
HIFU	Laproscopic open surgery	Thermal lesion	3.8–6.4	[85]
Focused Ultrasound	Skin Tissue Tightening	Thermal Lesion with hand held machine for both imaging and treatment	4.4–7.5	[86]
Extracorporeal Lithotripsy	Kidney stone	Mechanical stress, Cavitation with image guidance	≈150 kHz	[87]
Intracorporeal Lithotripsy	Kidney Stone	Mechanical stress, Cavitation by percutaneous probe	25 kHz	[88]
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy	Plantar fasciitis epicondylitis	Mechanism unknown	≈150 kHz	[89]
Phacoemulsification	Lens removal	Vibration &cavitation generate with probe	40 kHz	[90]
Liposuction	Adipose tissue removal	Fat liquification % cavitations generate with probe	20–30 kHz	[91]
Tissue cutting and vessel sealing	Laproscopic or open surgery	Thermal lesion and vibration with hand held machine	55 kHz	[92]
Intravascular US	Thrombus dissolution	Gas body cavitations by intravascular catheter	2.2	[93]
Skin permiabilization	Transdermal drug delivery	Unknown	55 kHz	[94]
LIPUS	Bone fracture healing	Unknown	1.5	[95]