. 2018 Aug 7;79(4):601–610. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.601

Table 3.

Analysis of covariance models testing the effect of condition on drinking norms, alcohol use, and psychological reactance among heavy drinkers (n = 138)

	Omnibus test for condition				Pairwise comparisons of adjusted M (SE)
Dependent variable	df	F	p	η²	Condition 0 No spinner; single PNF (n = 34)	Condition 1 Single spinner; single PNF (n = 34)	Condition 2 Double spinner single PNF (n = 36)	Condition 3 Double spinner; double PNF (n = 34)
T1 cognitive reactance	3, 130	13.19^***	<.001	.23	4.17 (0.18)^a	3.20 (0.18)^b	3.06 (0.17)^b,c	2.57 (0.18)^c
T1 emotional reactance	3, 130	1.25	.29	.03	2.63 (0.28)	2.50 (0.26)	2.01 (0.26)	2.09 (0.27)
T2 drinking norms, z	3, 130	0.54	.65	.01	-0.71 (0.12)	-0.68 (0.11)	-0.82 (0.11)	-0.63 (0.11)
T3 alcohol use, z	3, 130	6.01^**	.001	.12	-0.30 (0.14)^a	-0.50 (0.13)^a,b	-0.88 (0.13)^b,c	-1.04 (0.13)^c

Notes: Analysis of covariance models for drinking norms and alcohol use controlled for the baseline measure of the outcome variable in addition to participants’ sex, class year, and group (human subject pool or judicial). Reactance models controlled for baseline alcohol use in addition to participants’ sex, class year, and group. T = Time.

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001; adjusted means not sharing a common superscript differ from each other at the p < .05 level after applying the Holm-Bonferroni sequential correction for multiplicity.