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. 2018 Aug 7;9:873. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00873

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Copyright © 2018 Xu, Zhang, Guo and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Upregulation of TMZ-induced ERK_1/2 phosphorylation by IP3R in U251 cells. (A) Cells were incubated for 20 min in the absence of any drug (Control) or in the presence of 5 μM TMZ. In some experiments, 1 μM Xestspongin C (Xest) and 1 μM Ryanodine (Ryan) were added as in (Figure 6). (B1) Mean ERK phosphorylation was quantified as ratios between p-ERK_1/2 and ERK_1/2. (B2) Mean Akt phosphorylation was quantified as ratios between p-Akt and Akt. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. SEM values are indicated by vertical bars. ^∗Indicates a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference from the negative control group.