Metformin reduces nuclear LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation. Total nuclear proteins were extracted and nuclear NF-κB p65 was assayed in the lysate in colonic smooth muscle cells following treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) and varying amounts of metformin (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) *P<0.01 vs. the Ctrl group; #P<0.01 vs. the LPS group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Met, metformin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; OD, optical density; Ctrl, control.