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. 2018 Aug 7;9:1089. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01089

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Copyright © 2018 Sureshchandra, Marshall, Wilson, Barr, Rais, Purnell, Thornburg and Messaoudi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pregravid obesity alters plasma levels of inflammatory mediators. (A) Study design: circulating factors in plasma were measured using Luminex and ELISA while frequency and cytokine production by immune cell subsets were quantified using flow cytometry. (B) Plasma levels of leptin and lipocalin 2. (C) Plasma levels of EGF. (D) Circulating levels of canonical markers of inflammation-IL6 and CRP as well as chemokines CCL22, IL8, and CCL4. Significant differences between groups are indicated as follows: ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. All of the bar graphs show median values with interquartile ranges (IQR).