Table 2.
Wildlife species and number tested for antibodies to POWV, WNV, and HRTV byPRNT from May to October in 2015 and 2016 in southern Ontario, Canada
| Source species | HI test (1:10)* | POWV PRNT | WNV PRNT | HRTV PRNT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. positive/N (%) | 95% CI | No. positive/N (%) | 95% CI | No. positive/N (%) | 95% CI | No. positive/N (%) | 95% CI | |
| Raccoon (Procyon lotor) | 20/177 (11.3) | 7.0–16.9 | 0/176 (0.0)† | 0.0–2.1 | 7/176 (4.0)† | 1.6–8.0 | 0/155 (0.0) | 0.0–2.4 |
| Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | 9/36 (25.0) | 12.1–42.2 | 0/36 (0.0) | 0.0–9.7 | 6/35 (17.1)‡ | 6.6–33.6 | 0/40 (0.0) | 0.0–8.8 |
| Groundhog (Marmota monax) | 7/17 (41.2) | 18.4–67.1 | 1/17 (5.9) | 0.1–28.7 | 3/17 (17.6) | 3.8–43.4 | 0/11 (0.0) | 0.0–28.5 |
| Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) | 0/22 (0.0) | 0.0–15.4 | 0/22 (0.0) | 0.0–15.4 | 0/22 (0.0) | 0.0–15.4 | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 |
| Beaver (Castor canadensis) | 0/12 (0.0) | 0.0–26.5 | 0/12 (0.0) | 0.0–26.5 | 0/12 (0.0) | 0.0–26.5 | 0/11 (0.0) | 0.0–28.5 |
| Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 |
| Red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 | 0/1 (0.0) | 0.0–97.5 | NT | NT |
| Total | 36/266 (13.5) | 9.7–18.2 | 1/265 (0.4) | 0.0–2.1 | 16/264 (6.1) | 3.5–9.7 | 0/219 (0.0) | 0.0–1.7 |
CI = confidence intervals; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; HRTV = heartland virus; NT = not tested; POWN = Powassan virus; PRNT = plaque reduction neutralization test; WNV = West Nile virus.
*
Serum samples were screened for anti-Flavivirus antibodies by HI test; virus identity was determined by PRNT.
†
One sample had insufficient volume for POWV and WNV PRNT.
‡
One sample had insufficient volume for WNV PRNT.