Table 3.
Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and proposed risk factors for participants with negative microscopy/positive PCR as compared with patients with all other results
| False negative (N = 123) | Other (N = 280) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 27.0 (13.3) | 29.9 (14.8) | 0.069 |
| Gender | |||
| Male, no. (%) | 91 (28.7) | 226 (71.3) | 0.129 |
| Female, no. (%) | 32 (37.2) | 54 (62.8) | |
| Occupation | |||
| Agriculture/wood extraction, no. (%) | 28 (32.2) | 59 (67.8) | 0.402 |
| Gold extraction, no. (%) | 15 (25.4) | 44 (74.6) | |
| Student, no. (%) | 35 (36.5) | 61 (63.5) | |
| Others, no. (%) | 45 (28) | 116 (72) | |
| Number of lesions | |||
| One, no. (%) | 86 (28) | 221 (72) | 0.036 |
| Two or more, no. (%) | 36 (39.6) | 55 (60.4) | |
| Diameter of lesion in mm, mean (SD) | 24.7 (19.7) | 19.9 (15.2) | 0.01 |
| Previous leishmaniasis? | |||
| Yes, no. (%) | 36 (46.2) | 42 (53.8) | 0.001 |
| No, no. (%) | 87 (26.8) | 238 (73.2) | |
| Duration from lesion appearance to PCR testing in months, mean (SD) | 2.90 (3.05) | 2.07 (2.37) | 0.003 |
| Concurrent mucosal leishmaniasis? | |||
| Yes, no. (%) | 12 (35.3) | 22 (64.7) | 0.528 |
| No, no. (%) | 111 (30.1) | 258 (69.9) | |
| Concurrent bacterial infection? | |||
| Yes, no. (%) | 64 (32.5) | 133 (67.5) | 0.402 |
| No, no. (%) | 59 (28.6) | 147 (71.4) | |
| Residence fumigated in past 6 months? | |||
| Yes, no. (%) | 54 (29.8) | 127 (70.2) | 0.939 |
| No, no. (%) | 64 (30.2) | 148 (69.8) |
No. = number; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; SD = standard deviation. For categorical data, cross-tabular analyses with χ2 test of independence were used and for continuous data, independent two-sample t tests were used.