Table 4.
Median (25th–75th percentile) measured and calculated acid–base values for survivors and non‐survivors
| Parameter | Ref. interval | Survivors (n = 780) | Non‐survivors (n = 244) | Unadjusted P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.32–7.38 | 7.36 (7.31–7.41) | 7.36 (7.29–7.40) | 0.261 |
| pCO2 (mmHg) | 38–46 | 36.1 (30.8–42.2) | 33.8 (28.2–39.5) | <0.0001 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 145–151 | 147.2 (143.7–150.6) | 146.4 (143.3–150.2) | 0.209 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3.9–5.1 | 4.09 (3.78–4.45) | 4.10 (3.66–4.54) | 0.790 |
| Ca2+ (mmol/L) | 1.18–1.37 | 1.28 (1.22–1.33) | 1.25 (1.18–1.30) | <0.0001 |
| Cl− (mmol/L) | 110–119 | 112 (108–116) | 113 (109–118) | 0.079 |
| Corrected Cl− (mmol/L) | 110–119 | 113.2 (109.7–116.4) | 114.3 (109.7–118.1) | 0.021 |
| HCO3 − act (mmol/L) | 20–25 | 19.8 (16.9–22.7) | 18.2 (15.2–20.9) | <0.0001 |
| BEecf (mmol/L) | 0 to −4 | −5.4 (−8.6 to −2.5) | −7.5 (−10.6 to −4.3) | <0.0001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | <2.0 | 2 (1.2–3.2) | 2.4 (1.4–3.8) | 0.002 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1–4.2 | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 2.7 (2.1–3.2) | <0.0001 |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 1.9–3.6 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 2.5 (2.0–3.1) | 0.614 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 2.9–5.2 | 4.0 (3.3–5.2) | 4.9 (3.8–6.8) | <0.0001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 10–32 | 15.0 (10.0–24.0) | 22.0 (14.0–42.8) | <0.0001 |
| AG (mmol/L) | 13–25 | 18.7 (15.6–21.9) | 19.3 (15.3–23.5) | 0.085 |
| Corrected AG (mmol/L) | 13–25 | 19.1 (16.0–22.2) | 19.8 (15.9–23.9) | 0.045 |
| Atot (mmol/L) | 5.6–11.4* | 11.1 (9.3–12.7) | 10.8 (9.2–12.7) | 0.785 |
| SID apparent (mmol/L) | 31.4–45.7* | 36.2 (32.9–39.7) | 34.6 (30.2–39.4) | 0.001 |
| SID effective (mmol/L) | 29.3–36.8* | 31.0 (27.7–34.2) | 29.0 (25.9–32.2) | <0.0001 |
| SIG (mmol/L) | 3.3–15.3* | 5.1 (2.4–8.2) | 5.5 (2.1–8.7) | 0.482 |
| SIG simplified (mmol/L) | −8.6 to 3.7 | 3.8 (0.6–7.6) | 5.3 (2.1–10.6) | <0.0001 |
| XA− measured (inc. lactate) (mmol/L) | ‐ | 8.7 (6.0–11.7) | 9.0 (5.6–12.2) | 0.583 |
| XA− measured (no lactate) (mmol/L) | ‐ | 11.1 (8.0–14.3) | 11.5 (8.6–15.3) | 0.105 |
Unadjusted P‐values are presented. A Bonferroni correction (n = 24 tests) was applied to determine if these P‐values were statistically significant at P < 0.05. Accordingly, values of P < 0.0021 were considered significant and these are denoted in bold type. Institutional reference intervals were available for the majority of values. Where local intervals were not available, ranges published by (Vanova‐Uhrikova et al. 2017) were used, denoted by *. AG, anion gap; Atot, total plasma weak acids; BEecf, base excess (extracellular fluid); HCO3 − act, actual bicarbonate; SID, strong ion difference; SIG, strong ion gap; XA−, unmeasured anions.