The therapeutic effect of BMP7 overexpressing BMSCs on a rabbit model of radius injury. (A) SEM image of NHAC combined with rabbit BMSCs. Green arrows show bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached to the scaffold. (B) Representative image of the repair of the rabbit radius in the NHAC group. Obvious bone nonunion can be seen, indicated by the green arrows. (C) Representative image of the repair of the rabbit radius in the NHAC plus BMSC group. Bone nonunion can be seen, indicated by the green arrows. (D) Representative image of repair of the rabbit radius in the NHAC plus Ad-BMP7-BMSC group. Porosis can be seen, indicated by the green arrows. BMP7, bone morphogenetic protein-7; BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; SEM, scanning electron microscope; NHAC, nano-HAp/Collagen.