Table 3.

Racial/ethnic and Payer Segregation as Measured by the Index of Dissimilarity Across All Hospitals in New York City, 2009 and 2014, and Boston, 2009

	Index of Dissimilarity
	Race/ethnicity * (relative to white)		Insurance (relative to private)
	Black	Other minority	Medicaid	Uninsured	Medicare
NYC, 2014	0.52	0.41	0.44	0.59	0.26
NYC, 2009	0.54	0.41	0.44	0.54	0.22
Boston, 2009	0.33	0.24	0.39	0.22	0.17

Note: The index of dissimilarity represents the proportion of patients in each category that would need to shift in order to create an equal distribution of patients across all hospitals in the city. A higher index of dissimilarity represents a higher level of segregation between two groups (reference groups are indicated below column titles in parentheses).

NYC indicates New York City.

^*Black includes black of any ethnicity; white reflects non-Hispanic whites only; other minority includes ‘other race’, ‘white Hispanic’, ‘multi-ethnic white/other race’.