Table 2.
Logistic regression analyses on associations between sociodemographic factors and single types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
| Sociodemographic characteristics | PA (n = 62) |
EA (n = 300) |
PN (n = 64) |
EN (n = 266) |
SA (n = 215) |
SubA (n = 184) |
MI (n = 453) |
DV (n = 473) |
SD (n = 408) |
AD (n = 262) |
FP (n = 150) |
B (n = 251) |
PV (n = 49) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
|
| Female (ref.: male) | 1.65 (0.93–2.93) | 1.36 (1.03–1.79) | 0.86 (0.52–1.44) | 0.88 (0.66–1.16) | 1.98 (1.42–2.77) | 1.05 (0.76–1.44) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.92 (0.74–1.16) | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.27 (0.87–1.84) | 0.50 (0.38–0.65) | 0.22 (0.12–0.41) |
| Individual agea | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.99 (0.94–1.07) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.0 (0.94–1.07) |
| Parental agea | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.03 (1.0–1.06) | 1.06 (1.0–1.11) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | 1.03 (1.0–1.07) | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) |
| Migration background (ref.: none) | 3.91 (2.16–7.06) | 1.92 (1.37–2.70) | 0.62 (0.29–1.33) | 2.11 (1.50–2.97) | 0.92 (0.58–1.46) | 1.11 (0.72–1.69) | 1.19 (0.87–1.64) | 2.29 (1.69–3.12) | 0.67 (0.47–0.95) | 1.13 (0.79–1.64) | 1.46 (0.93–2.28) | 1.0 (0.70–1.45) | 1.20 (0.65–2.19) |
| Low parental education (ref.: high) | 2.06 (1.15–3.67) | 1.08 (0.81–1.45) | 0.97 (0.56–1.67) | 1.20 (0.90–1.61) | 1.35 (0.96–1.91) | 1.24 (0.88–1.73) | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) | 1.25 (0.98–1.60) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 0.86 (0.64–1.16) | 1.89 (1.30–2.76) | 1.42 (1.08–1.87) | 1.50 (0.92–2.47) |
| Family SESa | 0.56 (0.39–0.80) | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) | 0.59 (0.43–0.82) | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) | 0.62 (0.50–0.77) | 0.75 (0.64–0.87) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 0.57 (0.48–0.67) | 0.64 (0.54–0.77) | 0.37 (0.29–0.47) | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) |
| n | 1403 | 1390 | 1396 | 1406 | 1405 | 1398 | 1367 | 1387 | 1411 | 1408 | 1406 | 1402 | 1397 |
| R2 | 0.150 | 0.057 | 0.048 | 0.075 | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.026 | 0.058 | 0.078 | 0.044 | 0.174 | 0.063 | 0.133 |
Note: Logistical regression, weighted results; significant values (p < 0.05) are in bold; OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, PA physical abuse, EA emotional abuse, PN physical neglect, EN emotional neglect, SA sexual abuse, SubA substance abuse by household member, MI mental illness in the household, SES socioeconomic status, DV domestic violence, SD parental separation or divorce, AD parental absence or death, FP serious financial problems, B bullying, PV peer violence, SES socioeconomic status; parental age: the parents’ age was calculated by averaging the age of both parents; family SES: low-high family socioeconomic status during childhood
aVariables on individual age, parental age, and family SES were treated as metric variables in the regression models