Table 4.
Logistic and multinominal logistic regression analyses on associations between single types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and single and multiple health risk behaviours (HRBs)
| ACEs | Single types of HRBs | Multiple HRBs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risky drinking (n = 299) |
Smoking daily (n = 153) |
Drug abuse (n = 206) |
Early sexual intercourse (n = 279) |
Multiple sexual partners (n = 63) |
Suicidality (n = 138) |
1 HRB (n = 418) |
2 HRBs (n = 190) |
3+ HRBs (n = 103) |
|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| PA | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 0.35 (0.12–1.03) | 0.96 (0.36–2.56) | 1.17 (0.52–2.63) | 1.72 (0.45–6.59) | 1.81 (0.77–4.28) | 1.20 (0.54–2.70) | 1.19 (0.46–3.08) | 0.42 (0.12–1.49) |
| EA | 1.05 (0.63–1.76) | 0.87 (0.49–1.53) | 0.44 (0.26–0.75) | 1.23 (0.75–2.02) | 0.48 (0.20–1.14) | 1.92 (1.05–3.50) | 1.00 (0.63–1.61) | 1.03 (0.57–1.86) | 1.27 (0.64–2.54) |
| PN | 0.31 (0.11–0.87) | 0.96 (0.43–2.15) | 0.46 (0.20–1.09) | 0.55 (0.23–1.33) | 0.75 (0.13–4.37) | 0.90 (0.36–2.29) | 1.17 (0.54–2.54) | 0.57 (0.20–1.60) | 0.70 (0.22–2.25) |
| EN | 0.68 (0.41–1.11) | 1.78 (1.11–2.87) | 1.54 (1.0–2.37) | 1.0 (0.64–1.57) | 1.61 (0.77–3.37) | 3.19 (1.96–5.19) | 1.57 (1.02–2.41) | 1.90 (1.13–3.21) | 1.96 (1.05–3.64) |
| SA | 0.96 (0.58–1.57) | 0.91 (0.52–1.61) | 2.18 (1.37–3.47) | 2.60 (1.69–4.01) | 1.34 (0.61–2.95) | 1.03 (0.56–1.90) | 1.30 (0.84–1.99) | 1.91 (1.15–3.17) | 3.12 (1.77–5.48) |
| SubA | 1.31 (0.78–2.22) | 1.99 (1.15–3.44) | 1.84 (1.11–3.03) | 1.10 (0.65–1.84) | 0.44 (0.16–1.23) | 0.94 (0.49–1.80) | 1.11 (0.68–1.83) | 1.35 (0.74–2.45) | 1.10 (0.53–2.29) |
| MI | 1.23 (0.86–1.74) | 1.49 (0.98–2.27) | 1.67 (1.15–2.39) | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) | 2.09 (1.12–3.91) | 1.43 (0.90–2.27) | 1.09 (0.79–1.50) | 1.13 (0.74–1.73) | 2.12 (1.26–3.57) |
| DV | 1.08 (0.71–1.64) | 1.02 (0.62–1.67) | 1.60 (1.06–2.42) | 1.34 (0.88–2.04) | 2.69 (1.35–5.34) | 1.16 (0.66–2.02) | 1.30 (0.88–1.91) | 1.52 (0.92–2.51) | 1.60 (0.87–2.96) |
| SD | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) | 1.24 (0.79–1.96) | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | 1.60 (1.09–2.34) | 0.98 (0.49–1.98) | 0.84 (0.49–1.43) | 1.31 (0.93–1.84) | 1.57 (1.0–2.45) | 1.04 (0.57–1.90) |
| AD | 1.20 (0.76–1.89) | 1.55 (0.94–2.55) | 2.26 (1.45–3.51) | 1.12 (0.72–1.76) | 1.43 (0.66–3.11) | 1.62 (0.91–2.86) | 1.32 (0.87–2.0) | 1.56 (0.92–2.63) | 1.68 (0.85–3.29) |
| FP | 1.95 (1.17–3.27) | 1.29 (0.73–2.27) | 0.74 (0.42–1.30) | 0.83 (0.48–1.44) | 0.46 (0.16–1.31) | 0.76 (0.40–1.43) | 1.54 (0.95–2.51) | 1.20 (0.63–2.27) | 1.48 (0.73–3.02) |
| B | 0.75 (0.49–1.15) | 1.53 (0.98–2.39) | 0.78 (0.50–1.20) | 0.64 (0.41–1.01) | 1.16 (0.57–2.37) | 2.31 (1.45–3.69) | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) | 1.00 (0.60–1.66) | 0.84 (0.45–1.57) |
| PV | 1.59 (0.78–3.26) | 1.32 (0.63–2.73) | 0.30 (0.11–0.80) | 2.19 (1.11–4.29) | 1.02 (0.30–3.40) | 0.77 (0.35–1.70) | 1.16 (0.50–2.70) | 1.40 (0.49–4.0) | 2.39 (0.80–7.13) |
| n | 1230 | 1228 | 1211 | 1199 | 1086 | 1199 | 1230 | 1230 | 1230 |
| R2 | 0.050 | 0.114 | 0.141 | 0.101 | 0.083 | 0.210 | 0.118 | 0.118 | 0.118 |
Note: Logistical regression analysis for single types of HRBs; multinomial logistical regression analysis for multiple HRBs, reference category = no HRB (n = 755); all analyses adjusted for sociodemographic variables (gender, individual age, parental age, migration background, parental education, and family SES); weighted results; significant values (p < 0.05) are in bold; AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, PA physical abuse, EA emotional abuse, PN physical neglect, EN emotional neglect, SA sexual abuse, SubA substance abuse by household member, MI mental illness of household member, DV domestic violence, SD parental separation or divorce, AD parental absence or death, FP serious financial problems, B bullying, PV peer violence